同义密码子使用模式对多肽链共翻译折叠的影响研究进展  

Synonymous codon usage patterns influence co-translational folding of nascent polypeptide chain: a review

作　　者：汪梦竹 胡欣妍 杨宣叶 高明阳 周建华 WANG Mengzhu;HU Xinyan;YANG Xuanye;GAO Mingyang;ZHOU Jianhua(Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioengineering of State Ethnic Affairs Commission,Biomedical Research Center,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China;Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell,Biomedical Research Center,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730030,Gansu,China;College of Life Science and Engineering,Northwest Minzu University,Lanzhou 730010,Gansu,China;Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730046,Gansu,China)

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学生物医学研究中心生物工程与技术国家民委重点实验室,甘肃兰州730030 [2]西北民族大学生物医学研究中心甘肃省动物细胞技术创新中心,甘肃兰州730030 [3]西北民族大学生命科学与工程学院,甘肃兰州730010 [4]中国农业科学院兰州兽医研究所,甘肃兰州730046

出　　处：《微生物学通报》2023年第7期3146-3158,共13页Microbiology China

基　　金：西北民族大学引进人才科研项目(xbmuyjrc202225);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(31920220069);国家自然科学基金(31302100)。

摘　　要：同义密码子使用模式作为核苷酸与氨基酸的纽带,其多样性介导了核糖体扫描速率,同时扩充了基因的遗传信息存储量。随着新型技术的应用,发现特异性密码子和密码子结合力可调节核糖体扫描速率并影响蛋白质构象。同义密码子使用模式通过多种方式在不同环节影响着核糖体扫描速率,同时还影响着自身mRNA的稳定性。本文简述了密码子使用模式如何在核糖体扫描翻译mRNA的过程中实现对多肽链翻译延伸的调控,为今后生物工程学领域如何优化蛋白高效表达提供可参考的思路与理念。Synonymous codons usage pattern as a bridge between nucleotides and amino acids,and their diversity mediates the ribosome scanning rate while expanding the genetic information storage of genes.With the application of new technologies,studies have demonstrated that specific codons and codon binding can modulate ribosome scanning rate and protein folding.Synonymous codon usage patterns affect the ribosome scanning rate in different ways and the stability of corresponding mRNAs.This paper briefly describes how the synonymous codon usage patterns regulate polypeptide chain extension in the process of ribosome scanning and translation of mRNA,which provides reference for the optimization of protein expression in bioengineering in the future.

关 键 词：同义密码子使用模式 遗传信息 基因表达 核糖体扫描 TRNA 

分 类 号：Q75[生物学—分子生物学]