言谈交际中添加类修复的语法表现  

The grammar of addition-repair in Mandarin conversations

作　　者：乐耀 YUE Yao

机构地区：[1]厦门大学中国语言文学系,厦门

出　　处：《中国语文》2023年第4期415-427,510,511,共15页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“汉语口语修补现象的语法研究”(20BYY175)的资助。

摘　　要：汉语言谈交际中添加类修复所添加的成分大多是修饰语,属于调整说话合适性的修复。修复中大多数添加都回溯到整个修复对象所在的句法成分的左侧,但也可回溯到修复对象之中,如被修复片段的第一个成分右侧或第二个成分左侧。这与汉语修饰语居左、中心语居右的语序相关。另外,汉语添加类修复回溯的距离很短,大部分不超过两个音节。这符合交际互动要遵循时间性和互解性原则。从语法的浮现观看,语法是即时存在的,语言的形式是在具体的言谈交际中使用的,一旦没有社会互动等因素的帮助就可能会造成理解的困难。因此,提倡在会话互动中描写语法,树立“会话语法”的观念。In Chinese conversations,most of the added components for addition-repair are modifiers which adjust the appropriateness of the speech.They are often traced back to the left of the repaired segment,or otherwise to the right of the first component or to the left of the second component of the repaired segment.This is concerned with the word order of Chinese,according to which,modifiers are on the left of the heads.Besides,the recycling distance of addition-repair contains no more than two syllables,which is in consistent with the fundamental rules of temporality and intersubjectivity in conversational interactions.The analysis also reveals that,in real-time conversations,grammatical analysis and conversational analysis are synchronized.From the perspective of emergent grammar,language form(or grammar)should always be interpreted in specific interactions.Without the help of social interaction and related factors,mutual understanding would become difficult.Therefore,it is necessary to describe grammar in conversations and establish a concept of"grammar-for-conversation".

关 键 词：添加类修复 语法表现 会话分析 语法分析 会话语法 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]