否定四要件犯罪构成理论之再反思  

Rethinking the Theory of the Negation of the Four Elements of Crime

作　　者：姚建龙 刘兆炀 YAO Jianlong;LIU Zhaoyang

机构地区：[1]上海社会科学院法学研究所 [2]上海政法学院

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2023年第4期63-80,共18页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金项目“未成年人司法先议权研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:20GFX099。

摘　　要：对四要件犯罪构成理论的批评与质疑由来已久,但是,自我国刑法学界引入三阶层犯罪论体系以后,四要件犯罪构成理论才真正地迎来危机与挑战。无可否认,三阶层犯罪论体系确实为提升四要件犯罪构成理论的逻辑性与精细化作出了不少贡献,但也存在着脱离中国语境、与理论发展和司法实践相割裂的问题。世界上绝不可能存在十全十美的犯罪构成理论,冷静下来深入思考不难发现,坚持我国现有的四要件犯罪构成理论的历史必然性仍在延续,其不仅获得了司法实践的充分肯定,而且是经过本土化改造所发展的理论。在构建中国特色哲学社会科学与“三大体系”建设的时代课题下,是否有必要进行“推倒重来式”变革,在今天更有反思的意义。理性的路径应当是在继承与借鉴的基础上,坚持发展能够解决实践疑难问题且更加本土化的犯罪构成理论,并在此基础上努力提升中国刑法学的国际学术话语权。The criticism and questioning of the four-element crime theory has been long-standing.However,it is only after the introduction of the three-level crime theory system into China's criminal law academy that the four-element crime theory has really come to a crisis and challenge.It is undeniable that the three-level crime theory system has made a lot of contributions to the improvement of the logic and refinement of the four-element crime theory,but there also existing problems of irrelevance to Chinese context and cutting-off from the theoretical development and judicial practice.To build a perfect crime constitution theory is impossible.If we calm down and think deeply,it is not difficult to find that the historical inevitability of adhering to the existing theory of the four elements of crime in China is still continuing,and it has not only been fully affirmed by judicial practice,but is also a theory developed through localization and transformation.In the era of building philosophical and social sciences with Chinese characteristics and the construction of the“three major systems”,it is even more meaningful today to reflect on whether it is necessary to carry out a“push-back”change.The rational path should be,upon the basis of inheritance and reference,to develop a more localized theory of criminal composition that can solve difficult problems in practice,and therefore to enhance the international academic discourse of Chinese criminal law.

关 键 词：犯罪构成理论 “三大体系” 本土化 四要件说 三阶层犯罪论 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]