大数据时代辩护律师数据权——作为新兴权利的证成  

A Preliminary Study of Criminal Defense Lawyers'Data Rights——The Justification of a New Right

作　　者：李小猛 LI Xiaomeng

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《上海政法学院学报（法治论丛）》2023年第4期117-133,共17页Journal of Shanghai University of Political Science & Law(The Rule of Law Forum)

基　　金：2020年度国家社会科学基金重大项目“新时代国家安全法治的体系建设与实施措施研究”的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:20&ZD191。

摘　　要：大数据技术加持后的国家追诉权愈发膨胀,而被追诉人辩护权保障不足的旧疾却尚未解决,继而进一步加剧了控辩不平等。究其原因,传统的辩护权框架对公权力的制约作用本就有限,如今更是难以覆盖司法人工智能系统产生的各种流转信息和算法信息。为化解上述问题,应当派生与构建辩护律师数据权,以丰富和补充律师辩护权、调查取证权、阅卷权等权利内涵,激活大数据时代辩护权的功能。作为一项新兴权利,辩护律师数据权赋予辩护律师得知、获取、使用与所代理案件有直接、间接利害关系之数据的权利,其具有道德上的正当性、法律上的正当性以及“社会-政策”上的可行性。为了真正落实辩护律师数据权,应当充分把握既有的社会物质基础和实践基础,加快建设统一的司法大数据库,并完善间接数据信息与直接数据信息的获取方式。Big data technology makes national power to prosecute expand,and exacerbates the danger of inequality between prosecution and defense without curing the chronic illness of deficiency of guarantee of the defense right to accursed.It is because the intervention of big data in criminal litigation produces new types of criminal litigation data and information,leading to the failure of restriction to the public power by the traditional theoretical framework of defense rights.To resolve the problem above,it is necessary to derive and construct the data right to defense lawyer,to rich and complement the connotation of the right to counsel,right of investigation,consulting right,etc.,and to activate the function of defense in the big data era.As a novel right,the data right to defense lawyer grants a defense lawyer the rights of obtaining and use the data directly or indirectly relevant to the case represented,and has the moral and legal justification and the“society-policy”feasibility.To indeed implement the data right to defense lawyer,it is required to hold the current basis of social material and practice,to speed up building the unified judicial big data base,and to improve the obtaining methods of indirect and direct data information.

关 键 词：刑事辩护 辩护律师数据权 新兴权利 司法大数据 控辩平等 

分 类 号：D925.2[政治法律—诉讼法学] D926.5[政治法律—法学]