魏晋仕途与门第——宫崎市定贵族乡品论探究  

Official Career and Family Status in the Wei and Jin Dynasties——A Study on Miyazaki Ichisada’s Aristocratic Rank Theory

作　　者：刘军[1] LIU Jun(Research Institute of Ancient Documents,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学古籍研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《烟台大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第3期89-99,共11页Journal of Yantai University(Philosophy and Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“中古鲜卑拓跋氏士族化进程研究”(19BZS056);吉林省教育厅“十三五”社会科学项目“南北朝交聘的社会影响研究”(JJKH20190208SK)。

摘　　要：日本学者宫崎市定以独具特色的六朝贵族制论享誉国际汉学界,乡品论乃其核心环节。乡品原本是魏晋中正为士人划定的资格等级,门阀社会固化后变为昭示家世门第的标志,并对仕途人生起到制约作用,进而成为维护贵族流品秩序的体制保障。宫崎全面系统地梳理乡品与仕进层级的比例对应关系,提出乡品比起家官品高四等的著名论断,迄今仍为学界津津乐道。他又指出乡品的授予遵循汉代任子精神,以实现父辈资源的等位传递和既有身份体系的再复制,从而揭示贵族制世袭性的本质特征。他还格外强调乡品对仕进前景的预期功能,为后续研究指明了方向。Miyazaki Ichisada,a Japanese scholar,is well-known in the world of Sinology for his unique aristocracy theory of the Six Dynasties,whose core idea centers around the theory of native grade.The native grade represents a person’s qualification level and family origin,which determines their official career and acts as a safeguard for the Wei-Jin aristocracy.Miyazaki comprehensively and systematically analyzes the corresponding relationship between the native grade and the official career rank.He believes that the native grade represents the equal transmission of the political resources of the parents,which manifests as the hereditary nature of the aristocracy.Additionally,he places special emphasis on the predictive function of native grade for future life.Although the theory still has some limitations,its academic appeal provides guidance and has proven its value.Miyazaki’s historiography emphasizes positivism and is adept at a magnificent theoretical system.Therefore,we should inherit the essence of his theory and criticize it rationally.

关 键 词：宫崎市定 魏晋 门阀制度 乡品 流品 仕进 

分 类 号：K235[历史地理—历史学]