基于轨道倾角积分的长波高低轨道不平顺测量方法  

Measurement Method for Vertical Long-wave Track Irregularity Based on Track Pitch Integration

作　　者：陈仕明 魏世斌 李颖 王昊 杜馨瑜 CHEN Shiming;WEI Shibin;LI Ying;WANG Hao;DU Xinyu(INMAI Railway Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100081,China;Infrastructure Inspection Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京铁科英迈技术有限公司,北京100081 [2]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基础设施检测研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道学报》2023年第7期106-114,共9页Journal of the China Railway Society

基　　金：中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司科研项目(2020YJ065);国家重点研发计划(2018YFE0207100)。

摘　　要：高效且准确地对长波轨道不平顺进行监测是轨道几何测量领域的难点。分析两类惯性基准动态检测方法的测量误差来源,认为转向架与轨道间的“冲角”是造成长波不平顺测量精度损失的重要因素;为此,重新设计检测系统硬件结构,引入点头陀螺仪传感器和测距组件,在轨道平面建立“短弦”测量模型,推导基于误差状态扩展卡尔曼滤波估计的俯仰轨道倾角测量算法;通过补偿滤波与空间域积分等信号处理方法,计算长波高低轨道不平顺。现场试验表明:该方法有效复原7~200 m以内的长波高低不平顺;当截止波长为200 m时,相比传统的惯性基准法,平均精度增加了81%~88%,且受检测速度影响小;统计系统重复检测误差的95%分位数在1.5 mm以内,在大跨度桥梁形变与路基沉降监测等领域具有较好的应用前景。Efficient and accurate detecting of long-wave track irregularities is a key issue in the field of track geometry measurement.By analyzing the sources of errors of typical inertial reference dynamic detection methods,the paper believed that the“attacking angle”between bogie and track was an important factor causing the loss of measurement accuracy of long-wave irregularities.Therefore,the hardware structure of the system was redesigned,with the introduction of the gyroscope sensor and ranging components.A"short-chord"measurement model was established in the track plane to deduce the pitch-track inclination measuring algorithm based on Error State Extended Kalman filter.Finally,the long-wave vertical track irregularities were estimated using signal processing methods such as compensation filtering and spatial domain integration.Field tests show that the method can effectively restore the unevenness of long waves within 7~200 m.Compared with the traditional inertial reference method,at the 200 m cut-off wavelength,the average accuracy is improved by 81%~88%,and is less affected by the detection speed.The 95%quantile of the repeated detection error of the statistical system is within 1.5 mm.The method has wide application prospects in the fields of long-span bridge deformation and roadbed settlement detection.

关 键 词：长波高低不平顺 轨道检测 卡尔曼滤波 幅频分析 

分 类 号：TP391.41[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]