人工智能驱动下算法价格歧视的反垄断规制:一个法经济学分析  

Anti-monopoly Regulation of Algorithmic Price Discrimination:A Law and Economics Analysis

作　　者：李倩  Li Qian;Niels J.Philipsen

机构地区：[1]荷兰马斯特里赫特大学法学院 [2]荷兰鹿特丹伊拉斯姆斯大学法学院法与经济研究中心 [3]马斯特里赫特大学跨国法律研究中心 [4]中国政法大学法与经济学研究院

出　　处：《财经法学》2023年第4期82-102,共21页Law and Economy

基　　金：国家留学基金委“国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目”(202009370093)资助,课题名称“AI-enabled Price Discrimination:A Competition Law Perspective”。

摘　　要：人工智能的发展让经营者基于消费者信息精准预测其支付意愿从而进行价格歧视成为可能。从经济学角度,算法价格歧视能够提高静态效率,且在特定市场条件下,能够促进动态效率,提升消费者福利。然而,如果科技巨头利用价格歧视滥用市场支配地位,可能会产生排他性和剥削性效果,引发反垄断担忧。因此,是否对其规制以及如何规制需要反垄断执法机构从法和经济学角度综合权衡。我国《反垄断法》及其配套规范为监管数字垄断市场上的价格歧视提供了事后救济路径,而《价格法》等作为反垄断规制的补充,通过价格调控、个人信息保护和消费者权益保护方式,为规范竞争市场上的违法价格歧视提供事前监管路径。该监管体系为解决数字市场上价格歧视反垄断担忧提供了理论上的可能,但执法效果仍需实践检验。The growth of artificial intelligence enables undertakings to accurately predict each consumer's willingness to pay based on their personal information and offer them tailored prices accordingly.In economics,algorithmic price discrimination can increase static efficiency,and,under certain market conditions,promote dynamic efficiency and boost consumer welfare.Nevertheless,it may also lead to exclusionary and exploitative effects and thereby create competition concerns once Tech Giants abuse their dominant positions via price discrimination.As such,anti-monopoly law enforcement agency has to make trade-off from law and economics perspectives as to whether and how to regulate it.The Anti-monopoly Law and its Guidelines provide an ex-post regulation approach to address concerns in digital monopolistic markets,whereas the Price Law,etc.provide an ex-ante review approach in competitive markets as a complement to anti-monopoly regulation by means of price regulation,personal information protection,and consumer interest protection.This regulatory framework provides theoretical possibilities to address concerns of anticompetitive price discrimination,but its enforcement effectiveness requires further examination in practice.

关 键 词：算法价格歧视 法经济学 滥用市场支配地位 反垄断事后监管 事前监管 

分 类 号：F274[经济管理—企业管理] D922.294[经济管理—国民经济]