考虑轮换的易逝性应急物资储备策略研究  

Research on the reserve strategy ofperishable emergency suppliesconsidering rotation

作　　者：李珍萍[1] 王越 韩倩倩 LI Zhen-ping;WANG Yue;HAN Qian-qian(School of Information,Beijing Wuzi University,Beijing 101149,China;School of Management and Engineering,Capital University of Economics and Business,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]北京物资学院信息学院,北京101149 [2]首都经济贸易大学管理工程学院,北京100070

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2023年第5期1505-1514,共10页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金项目(9212004);国家自然科学基金项目(71771028)。

摘　　要：针对易逝性应急物资价值随时间递减和过期浪费等问题,考虑过期之前用新物资替换旧物资的轮换策略,并研究不确定需求下易逝性应急物资最优储备问题。以应急物资储备量和轮换时间为决策变量,以单位时间内期望总成本和总损失之和最小为目标建立随机非线性规划模型,并对模型结构进行分析。通过模拟算例,分析不同类型应急物资的价值函数与最优储备量和最佳轮换时间的关系,进一步对比分析采取轮换策略的必要性。结果表明:对于易逝性应急物资采取定期轮换策略能有效降低物资储备成本和期望损失,减少应急物资的过期浪费。本文可为制定不同类型应急物资的最优储备与轮换策略提供参考。To solve the problem of perishable emergency supplies'value decreasing with time and expiration,this paper studied the optimal storage strategy of perishable emergency supplies considering rotation.Taking into account the uncertainty of disaster occurrence time and the demand after the disaster,we assumed that both of them obey the uniform distribution.Based on the value loss characteristics of perishable emergency supplies,the values lost function of three types of perishable emergency supplies was introduced.We established a nonlinear programming model with budget constraint and non-budget constraint respectively,with reserve quantity and rotation time of supplies as decision variables and the goal of minimizing the sum of total expected cost and loss per unit of time.To analyze the influence of shape parameters in the value lost function,the optimal solution of the model without budget constraint was analyzed and verified by example.The results show that the optimal storage and rotation strategies for different types of emergency supplies are different.Then the calculation study and the parameter analysis of the model with budget constraint were carried out,and the management enlightenment of the optimal reserve and rotation strategy of three types of perishable emergency supplies was obtained.We further compared and analyzed the necessity of adopting a rotation strategy and the comparison results show that the objective function value of the model considering rotation is always lower than that of without rotation,and the smaller it is,the larger the difference between the objective function values of the two models is.So,the regular rotation strategy for perishable emergency supplies can effectively reduce the reserve cost and expected loss,and alleviate the waste caused by expiration.The study of this paper can guide the formulation of the optimal reserve and rotation strategy for different perishable emergency supplies.

关 键 词：公共安全 应急物资 易逝性 储备量 轮换策略 非线性规划模型 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学]