西南地区救荒野豌豆种子性状与萌发特性鉴定  

Evaluation of Seed Traits and Germination Characteristics in Vicia sativa Collected from Southwest China

作　　者：张博宇 杨涛[1] 李正丽 杨新 何玉华[4] 项超 杨梅[5] 李玮瑜[2] 宗绪晓[1] 刘荣[1] ZHANG Bo-yu;YANG Tao;LI Zheng-li;YANG Xin;HE Yu-hua;XIANG Chao;YANG Mei;LI Wei-yu;ZONG Xu-xiao;LIU Rong(Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;College of Plant Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculature,Beijing 102206;Institute of Horticulture,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550006;Institute of Grain Crops,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205;Crop Research Institute,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081 [2]北京农学院植物科学技术学院,北京102206 [3]贵州省农业科学院园艺研究所,贵阳550006 [4]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,昆明650205 [5]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都610066

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2023年第4期1024-1033,共10页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200105-02);国家现代农业产业技术体系-食用豆(CARS-08);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(01-ICS-07);国家作物种质资源库项目-食用豆资源整合与共享(NCGRC-2022-07)。

摘　　要：救荒野豌豆(Vicia sativa L.)是一种粮菜兼用的食用豆类作物,也是重要的绿肥和优质牧草,具有重要经济价值和显著生态优势。目前关于西南地区救荒野豌豆资源的种子形态鉴定及萌发特性等相关研究存在空白。为了更好的保护和利用救荒野豌豆珍稀濒危野生种质资源,本研究对我国西南地区贵州、四川和云南三省的救荒野豌豆野生种质资源开展了调查收集,共调查了20个县(区),收集到106份形态多样、耐逆性强的野生种质资源。对这些资源的百粒重、粒长和粒宽等8个种子性状进行了鉴定评价,发现百粒重变异系数最大(92%),百粒重最大的来自云南(9.18 g),最小的来自贵州(0.31 g)。同时发现云南地区的救荒野豌豆与贵州和四川地区的资源在8个性状上均有显著差异。此外,对来自3个地区的3份代表性种质资源开展萌发特性研究,发现机械破皮和浓硫酸处理30 min均可有效打破休眠,显著提高救荒野豌豆野生种质资源的种子萌发率。以上研究结果为我国救荒野豌豆珍稀濒危野生资源的保护利用提供了重要理论基础和技术保障。Vicia sativa L.is one of the legume crops that can be used both as grain and vegetable,as well as green fertilizer and high quality forage,which has important economic value and significant ecological advantages.However,the seed traits and germination characteristics in Vicia sativa wild germplasm resources from southwest China remains investigated.In order to better protect and utilize these endangered wild germplasm resources,this study investigated wild populations of Vicia sativa from Guizhou,Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in southwest China.A total of 106 wild germplasm accessions showing levels of variations on morphology and abiotic stress response were collected from 20 counties(districts).In addition,eight seed traits,such as 100-seed weight,seed length and seed width were measured.The coefficient of variation on 100-seed weight was the largest(92%),and these germplasms with highest(9.18 g)and lowest(0.31 g)100-seed weight were collected from Yunnan and Guizhou,respectively.Vicia sativa accessions from Yunnan exhibited significant differences at eight traits,if compared to those of the accessions from either Guizhou or Sichuan.Through analyzing the germination characteristics of three representative genotypes from three regions,we found that both mechanical peeling and concentrated sulfuric acid treatment for 30 minutes can effectively break down the seed dormancy,thus resulting in significant improvement on the seed germination rate.Collectively,these results provided an important theoretical basis and technical guarantee for the protection and utilization of the endangered wild germplasm resources of Vicia sativa.

关 键 词：救荒野豌豆 西南地区 野生种质资源 种子性状 萌发特性 

分 类 号：S643.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]