面向停取自平衡的共享单车补贴方案定价优化方法  

Pricing Optimization Method of Shared Bicycle Subsidy Scheme for Parking and Taking Self-Balancing

作　　者：邹林林 姚恩建[1,2] 潘龙 ZOU Linlin;YAO Enjian;PAN Long(School of Traffic and Transportation,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China;Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport,Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学交通运输学院,北京100044 [2]北京交通大学综合交通运输大数据应用技术交通运输行业重点实验室,北京100044

出　　处：《交通工程》2023年第4期1-7,15,共8页Journal of Transportation Engineering

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021PT207).

摘　　要：针对共享单车供需失衡、乱停乱放等问题,提出基于电子围栏的共享单车停取自平衡理念的补贴方案定价优化方法.利用共享单车停放选择行为数据,综合考虑个人因素和停取点属性变量,构建MNL(Multinomial Logit)模型以提取共享单车用户的停车选择偏好;为满足供需匹配,实施基于动态补贴政策引导用户改变还车点的自主式调度,减少人工调度成本的同时,满足用户需求、提高周转率,以企业收益最大化为优先目标,综合考虑社会管理和用户方面的效益等,构建共享单车补贴方案定价模型,获得最佳补贴方案;最后,基于算例仿真模拟,对其效果进行验证.结果表明:相比于人工调度,采用本研究提出的补贴激励方案,各停取点平均违章时段占比减少5.4%,车辆分布更加均衡;共享单车周转率最高提高5.3%,企业总收益增加了16.8%;同时,用户骑行需求满足率提升9.3%,用户平均骑行支出降低7.1%.Aiming at the problems of unbalanced supply and demand of shared bicycles and disorderly parking,this paper proposes a pricing optimization method for the subsidy scheme using the self-balancing concept of shared bicycle parking based on electronic fences.Using shared bicycle parking selection behavior data,comprehensively considering personal factors and stopping point attribute variables,this paper develops a Multinomial Logit(MNL)model to describe the parking selection preferences of shared bicycle users.In order to meet the matching of supply and demand,this paper implements autonomous scheduling based on dynamic subsidy policy to guide users to change the return point,which can reduce the cost of manual scheduling,meet the needs of users,and improve the turnover rate.Taking the maximization of corporate profits as the priority goal,comprehensively considering social management and user-level indicators,this research builds a pricing model for the subsidy scheme of shared bicycles to obtain the best subsidy scheme.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through the simulation of an example.The results show that compared with manual scheduling,the subsidy incentive scheme proposed in this study reduces the average illegal period of each stop point by 5.4%,and the distribution of vehicles is more balanced.The turnover rate of shared bicycles increased by up to 5.3%,and the total revenue of enterprises increased by 16.8%;At the same time,the satisfaction rate of users cycling needs increased by 9.3%,and the average cycling expenditure of users decreased by 7.1%.

关 键 词：城市交通 停取自平衡 MNL模型 停车选择行为 共享单车 

分 类 号：U121[交通运输工程]