法庭科学印油(泥)种类鉴别理化检验研究进展  

Research Progress on Physicochemical Examination of Stamp-pad Ink Types Identifi cation in Forensic Science

作　　者：杨求凤 李志豪 韩星周 秦达 王晓光 闫海倩 郭姿含 YANG Qiufeng;LI Zhihao;HAN Xingzhou;QIN Da;WANG Xiaoguang;YAN Haiqian;GUO Zihan(Institute of Forensic Science,Ministry of Public Security,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]公安部鉴定中心,北京100038

出　　处：《刑事技术》2023年第4期371-377,共7页Forensic Science and Technology

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022JB002)。

摘　　要：印章印文是法庭科学领域常见的物证之一,对印油(泥)进行种类鉴别在印章印文检验中具有重要意义。本文梳理了光谱检验、色谱检验、质谱检验三种常用的鉴别方法在法庭科学印油(泥)检验上的应用及最新进展,对各种方法的优劣进行讨论,并对法庭科学印油(泥)检验目前存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行展望,以期为法庭科学文件检验工作者提供借鉴。With the rapid development of modern economy,seals are widely used in social activities.The illegal and criminal activities of forging stamps by malefactors are more rampant,seriously infringing on citizens’interests and destroying the social order.Stamp impression,trace evidence,is frequently encountered in forensic cases.Stamps and stamp impression examinations are usually based on matching defects and design details on the questioned and control samples;identifying the type of stamp-pad ink in stamp impression examination is also a reliable way.Presently,signifi cant progress has been made in forensic stamp-pad ink examination research.In this study,the application and latest progress of three common identifi cation methods,namely spectroscopic methodology,chromatography,and mass spectrometry,are reviewed,and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed.Researchers have verified the effectiveness and application scope of spectroscopic methodology,chromatography,and mass spectrometry,optimized the inspection methods,provided new ideas and means for forensic stamp-pad ink(mud)examination,and effectively solved the complex problem of distinguishing many stamp-pad ink types.But there are still some problems to be solved,such as small sample size,lack of experiment condition diversity,and practical application.The following work should be done well in the future:1.Expand the examination objects,include more types and quantities of ink(mud),and establish an ink(mud)database.2.According to the actual conditions of stamp impression in the case,research the infl uencing factors such as paper,preservation conditions,stamping time,thickness,and so on.3.Explore the comprehensive examination methods of various technologies,and establish a set of effi cient,simple,and systematic examination methods from non-destructive to destructive.In the future,multi-technology combination will be the trend to combine spectrum,chromatography,and mass spectrometry to give full play to their respective advantages and to

关 键 词：文件检验 印油(泥) 光谱检验 色谱检验 质谱检验 

分 类 号：DF794.2[政治法律—诉讼法学]