争点形成与疑点形成——辩护方证明责任的两种形态  

Issues-formation and Doubts-formation: Two Models of Burden of Proof for the Defenders

作　　者：王瑞剑 WANG Ruijian(School of Criminal Justice,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学刑事司法学院,北京100088

出　　处：《东北大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第4期97-106,共10页Journal of Northeastern University(Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金资助项目(20BFX093);国家留学基金委高水平大学公派研究生资助项目(202106010153)。

摘　　要：随着“三项规程”的施行,争点与疑点范畴被引入刑事程序,在基本属性、作用方式与主要功能上存在差异。争点形成与疑点形成,是辩护方履行证明责任的两种形态,长久以来面临诸多误解。争点形成责任产生于英美法系,与证据提出相结合,成为举证责任的基本内容。疑点形成责任来源于大陆法系,与职权调查相匹配,被视为职权主义的必然产物。在我国规范层面,争点形成与疑点形成均得到体现,但在责任形态上存在变化。淡化证据提出责任,相对独立的争点形成责任初步形成。弱化职权主义,强疑点形成责任应运而生。改良后的争点形成责任和疑点形成责任,并存于我国刑事程序,其间存在转化可能,根据待证事项的不同,形成责任组合的层次性理论。With the“three rules”going into effect,both issues and doubts have been introduced into criminal procedures,and they differ in the basic attributes,modes of action and main functions.Issues-formation and doubts-formation are two forms of the defenders burden of proof,but they have long faced many misunderstandings.Issues-formation arises from the common law,which is combined with the burden of producing evidence,and has become the basic content of the burden of proof.Doubts-formation comes from the civil law and is regarded as the inevitable result of the inquisitorial system.At the normative level in China,issues-formation and doubts-formation are reflected,but there are changes in the forms of responsibility.The burden of producing evidence is diluted,and the relatively independent issues-formation has formed.The inquisitorial system is weakened,while the strong doubts-formation has emerged.The improved burdens of issues-formation and doubts-formation coexist in China's criminal procedure,in which there is a possibility of transformation.Based on the different matters,a hierarchical theory of combining both burdens comes into being.

关 键 词：证明责任 辩护方 争点形成责任 疑点形成责任 层次性理论 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]