言说行为标记的多语分析:事件编码视角  

Multilingual analysis of Act of Speaking Markers:An event encoding perspective

作　　者：孔蕾[1] 秦洪武[1] KONG Lei;QIN Hongwu(School of Foreign Languages,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,China)

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学外国语学院,山东省曲阜市273165

出　　处：《外语教学与研究》2023年第4期483-496,638,共15页Foreign Language Teaching and Research

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“围绕汉语的超大型多语汉外平行语料库集群研制与应用研究”(21&ZD290,首席专家:王克非)之子课题“基于多语汉外平行语料库的语言研究”(子课题负责人:秦洪武)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：本文以事件语义为对比基础,考察言说行为标记的多语编码问题,并从编码方式角度考察这些语言的类型学特征。研究发现,1)标记的词汇化存在语系差异,词汇化程度层级为:乌拉尔语系>印欧语系>南岛语系>亚非语系>阿尔泰语系>汉藏语系/南亚语系;2)词汇式编码比率最高的语言分布在欧洲,而亚洲语言更多使用小句式编码;3)聚类分析显示,有些语言偏离了传统的语系分类,但可从语言库藏特征和地理文化角度得到解释。研究表明,基于事件语义的编码方式分析能合理解释语用标记表层实现方式的跨语言差异,为语言类型研究提供新的分析维度。This study adopts the event semantics of Act of Speaking Markers(ASM)as tertium comparationis to explore the variations in the encoding of semantic components of ASM across multiple languages.Additionally,we examine the typological features of these languages from an ASM encoding perspective.This study derives the following findings:1)A preference hierarchy exists for the encoding of ASM in lexical forms,with Uralic languages being the highest preference,followed by Indo-European,Austronesian,Afro-Asiatic,Altaic,and Sino-Tibetan/Austro-Asiatic languages.2)European languages tend to have a higher proportion of lexical markers,while clausal markers are more prevalent in Asian languages.3)Cluster analysis reveals that certain languages deviate from the traditional categorization of language families,which calls for an explanation that incorporates linguistic inventory properties and socio-cultural environment.Our findings highlight the importance of event-semantic analysis in understanding the conflation of concepts across different languages,thus enriching current typological analysis with additional dimensions.

关 键 词：言说行为标记 事件语义 编码方式 语言类型 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]