高直链淀粉玉米籽粒特性对淀粉提取的影响及工艺优化  

Influence of High-amylose Maize Kernel Characteristics on Starch Extraction and Process Optimization

作　　者：沈健 洪雁[1,2,3] 顾正彪 程力[1,2,3] 李兆丰 李才明[1,2,3] 班宵逢 Shen Jian;Hong Yan;Gu Zhengbiao;Cheng Li;Li Zhaofeng;Li Caiming;Ban Xiaofeng(State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122;School of Food Science and Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122;Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122)

机构地区：[1]江南大学食品科学与技术国家重点实验室,无锡214122 [2]江南大学食品学院,无锡214122 [3]江南大学食品营养与安全协同创新中心,无锡214122

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2023年第7期54-60,共7页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(22276078)。

摘　　要：以普通和高直链淀粉(G50、G70)玉米籽粒为原料,利用近红外分析仪、X射线显微断层扫描(XMT)和扫描电镜(SEM)对籽粒性质和微观结构进行测定。结果表明,高直链淀粉玉米中淀粉含量低,蛋白质含量高,XMT表明高直链淀粉玉米密度和角质率大,而角质胚乳中淀粉和蛋白结合紧密,导致淀粉难以从蛋白质基质从释放出来,因此需要对工艺进行调整。探究浸泡时间、浸泡温度、SO_(2)和乳酸添加量对G50和G70提取率和纯度的影响并优化工艺。G50最优工艺参数为:浸泡时间50 h、浸泡温度52℃、SO_(2)质量分数0.2%、乳酸质量分数0.5%,此条件下提取率为85.40%,纯度为95.79%;G70最优工艺参数为:浸泡时间50 h、浸泡温度56℃、SO_(2)质量分数0.2%、乳酸质量分数0.5%,此条件下提取率为83.70%,纯度为94.02%。The kernel properties and microstructures were explored by near-infrared analyzer,X-ray microtomography(XMT)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)from normal and high-amylose(G50,G70)maize.The results indicated that high-amylose maize had low starch content and high protein content.XMT revealed that high-amylose maize had high density and cutin rate,while starch and protein in horny endosperm combined more closely,resulting in the starch to be difficult to release from the protein matrix.Therefore,it was necessary to adjust the process.The effects of soaking time,soaking temperature,SO_(2)and lactic acid addition on the extraction rate and purity of G50 and G70 were studied,and the processes were optimized.The optimal process parameters of G50 were the soaking time for 50 h,the soaking temperature for 52℃,the SO_(2)mass fraction for 0.2%,the lactic acid mass fraction for 0.5%.Under optimal conditions,the extraction rate was 85.40%,the purity was 95.79%.The optimal process parameters of G70 were the soaking time for 50 h,the soaking temperature for 56℃,the SO_(2)mass fraction for 0.2%,the lactic acid mass fraction for 0.5%.Under optimal conditions,the extraction rate was 83.70%,and the purity was 94.02%.

关 键 词：玉米籽粒 籽粒特性 微观结构 工艺优化 高直链玉米淀粉 

分 类 号：TS235.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]