泡核桃无性系油脂脂肪酸组成和营养成分的比较分析  

Comparative Analysis of the Fatty Acid and Nutritional Components of Eleven Juglans sigillata Clones

作　　者：朱艳 王久亮 王芳[1] 安文娜 糜加轩 万雪琴[1] 杨汉波 Zhu Yan;Wang Jiuliang;Wang Fang;An Wenna;Mi Jiaxuan;Wan Xueqin;Yang Hanbo(Forestry Ecological Engineering in Upper Reaches of Yangtze River Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River,Sichuan Agricultural University,Institute of Ecology&Forestry,Chengdu 611130)

机构地区：[1]长江上游林业生态工程四川省重点实验室,长江上游森林资源保育与生态安全国家林业和草原局重点实验室,四川农业大学生态林业研究所,成都611130

出　　处：《中国粮油学报》2023年第6期84-91,共8页Journal of the Chinese Cereals and Oils Association

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2021YFYZ0032);四川省科技计划项目(2020YFN0058)。

摘　　要：核桃是我国重要的木本油料树种。为评选出脂肪酸及营养成分优良的核桃无性系,为油用型核桃良种选育提供参考,本研究对11个泡核桃(Juglans sigillata)无性系的油脂脂肪酸组成、生物活性物质和矿质元素含量进行了测定,采用ASReml-R进行统计分析,并估算遗传力、遗传变异系数等遗传参数。结果表明,泡核桃油脂脂肪酸组分主要为不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸以亚油酸(49.60%~62.25%)、油酸(12.46%~22.31%)、亚麻酸(7.89%~10.03%)和棕榈油酸(0.55%~1.18%)为主;饱和脂肪酸主要为硬脂酸(3.77%~10.03%)、棕榈酸(4.53%~8.04%)和花生酸(2.32%~3.67%)。硬脂酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸和花生酸相对质量分数在无性系间差异显著,矿质元素中铜、锰和铁元素含量在无性系差异显著,黄酮和多酚含量在无性系间也存在显著差异。8个性状(棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、棕榈酸、多酚、黄酮、铜、锰和铁元素)遗传力均在0.7以上,表现出较强的受无性系遗传控制。各性状遗传变异系数和表型变异系数分别在0.10~0.83和0.05~0.51之间。硬脂酸、花生酸、棕榈酸、和黄酮含量具有较高的遗传相关和表型相关系数(0.527~0.979),且都显著相关。采用BLUP法估算综合育种值,初步评选出高脂肪酸品质(C86、C72和C65)和高品质微量营养(C001、C72和C301)油用无性系各3个。Walnut is important oleiferous tree species in China.In order to select superior clones with excellent fatty acids and nutrients,and provide references for breeding of oil type walnuts.In this study,the composition and content of fatty acid composition,bioactive substances and mineral element of 11 Juglans sigillata clones were determined.The genetic parameters,such as heritability and genetic variation coefficients were calculated by ASReml-R.The results showed that the mainly components of fatty acid of walnut oil were unsaturated fatty and saturated fatty acids.The unsaturated fatty acids mainly consisted of linoleic acid(49.60%~62.25%),oleic acid(12.46%~22.31%),linolenic acid(7.89%~10.03%)and palmitoleic acid(0.55%~1.18%).The saturated fatty acids mainly consisted of stearic acid(3.77%~10.03%),palmitic acid(4.53%~8.04%),and arachidonic acid(2.32%~3.67%).There were significant difference of the relative mass fractions of stearic acid,palmitic acid,palmitoleic acid and arachidonic acid among clones.There were also significant differences of Cu,Mn,and Fe contents in mineral elements and flavonoids,polyphenol contents among clones.The heritability of eight traits(palmitic acid,stearic acid,palmitic acid,polyphenols,flavonoids,Cu,Mn,and Fe)was above 0.7,indicated strong genetic control of these traits of oil.The variation coefficients of genetic and phenotypic for each trait ranged from 0.10 to 0.83 and 0.05 to 0.51,respectively.There were higher and significant genetic and phenotypic coefficients between stearic acid,arachidonic acid,palmitic acid,and flavonoids(0.527 to 0.979).The comprehensive breeding value was estimated by the BLUP method,and three oilclones(C86,C72,and C65)and three clones(C001,C72,and C301)with high quality of fatty acid and micronutrients were preliminarily selected,respectively through BLUP method.

关 键 词：泡核桃 无性系 核桃油 脂肪酸 遗传参数 

分 类 号：S664.1[农业科学—果树学]