遮光对澳洲青苹叶片光合特性的影响  

Effects of shading on leaf photosynthetic characteristics of Granny Smith trees

作　　者：杨永娥 张晓煜 冯蕊 李芳红 梁小娟 马梦瑶 范锦龙[4] YANG Yong’e;ZHANG Xiaoyu;FENG Rui;LI Fanghong;LIANG Xiaojuan;MA Mengyao;FAN Jinlong(College of Agri-culture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China;Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Sciences,Yinchuan 750002,China;Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Guyuan 756099,Ningxia,China;National Satellite Meteorological Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,银川750021 [2]宁夏气象科学研究所,银川750002 [3]宁夏农林科学院固原分院,宁夏固原756099 [4]国家卫星气象中心,北京100081

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2023年第7期1661-1669,共9页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：宁夏自治区农业育种专项项目(NXNYYZ20210102);宁夏自治区重点研发计划项目(2018BFH03012)资助。

摘　　要：以澳洲青苹为对象,在2021年7-9月对澳洲青苹果树进行遮光处理(0、15%、25%、35%),测定不同遮光处理下的光合特性和荧光参数,探究遮光对澳洲青苹叶片光合特性的影响,为澳洲青苹引种栽培提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)15%的遮光处理增加了澳洲青苹叶绿素含量,25%以上的遮光处理明显降低叶绿素含量,叶绿素a/b随遮光程度的增加先下降后上升。(2)15%的遮光处理减弱了“光合午休”现象,25%以上的遮光处理使光合日变化由“双峰型”变为“单峰型”,但35%的遮光使光合速率明显降低,对澳洲青苹适度遮光有利于叶片对光照的充分利用。(3)遮光提高澳洲青苹叶片光补偿点,降低光饱和点、暗呼吸速率以及量子效率。随着遮光程度的增加,澳洲青苹叶片最大荧光值升高;遮光提高了叶片对光能的吸收能力,但降低PSII反应中心活性,抑制PSII的QB还原能力而提高QA还原能力;遮光提高了PSII用于电子传递的量子比率,减低热耗散量子比率,以提高对光能利用率。Granny Smith is a high-acid apple introduced abroad and suitable for cultivation in China.This study aimed to explore the light adaptation mechanism of Granny Smith trees in different light conditions.A shading experiment was carried out on Granny Smith trees in Ningxia from July to September 2021.We measured photosyn-thetic characteristics and fluorescence parameters of Granny Smith trees under different shading treatments,to pro-vide scientific basis for the introduction and cultivation of Granny Smith trees.The results showed that:(1)15%shading increased but 25%shading obviously decreased the chlorophyll content of leaves.The ratio of chlorophyll a/b firstly decreased and then increased with increasing shading degree.(2)15%shading weakened the midday depression of photosynthesis.The treatments with≥25%shading changed the photosynthesis diurnal pattern from“double peaks”to“single peak”,and 35%shading significantly reduced the photosynthesis efficiency.Rational shading would be helpful for the optimized light utilization of Granny Smith trees.(3)Shading increased light com-pensation point of leaves and decreased light saturation point,dark respiration rate,and quantum efficiency.With increasing shading degree,the maximum fluorescence of leaves increased.Shading improved the absorption capacity of light energy,while decreased the activity of PSII reaction center with the increase of Q A from PSII and the decrease of Q B.Shading improved light utilization efficiency by increasing the quantum ratio of electron transfer from PSII but reducing the quantum ratio of heat dissipation.

关 键 词：光照 澳洲青苹 光合色素 光合作用 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]