谚语作为启发式工具——《哈姆雷特》与《赵氏孤儿》的复仇动机比较  

Proverbial Wisdom as Heuristic Tool--A Comparative Reading of Hamlet and The Orphan of Zhao's Motivation for Revenge

作　　者：姜忻 Jiang Xin

机构地区：[1]复旦大学外国语言文学学院

出　　处：《理论界》2023年第7期89-95,共7页Theory Horizon

摘　　要：元杂剧《赵氏孤儿》中的英雄频繁使用关于道德的谚语,并随即作出生死抉择。这种举动未免使得西方观众心生疑惑:剧中英雄是否像哈姆雷特那样在作出抉择前内心经历过激烈的冲突?从修辞学角度比较剧中的谚语形式,可发掘哈姆雷特和赵氏孤儿的复仇动机。哈姆雷特的谚语使用和其行动相互矛盾,而赵氏孤儿的谚语使用和其行动保持一致。无论形式如何不同,这些英雄都借用谚语去判断形势并选择一种态度,从而揭示他们的内心矛盾。本文发现,哈姆雷特的复仇动机是因为场景变化而产生的,而赵氏孤儿的复仇是由其选择的新身份所驱动。读者可将谚语看作一种启发式工具以分析人物性格和决策过程,从而在不同的作品文化背景下定位人物的动机。The heroes in the Yuan zaju,The Orphan of Zhao,use moralizing statements repetitively before making life-and-death decisions,leaving the Western audience an impression of a lack of inner conflict.The article.ana-lyzes.Hamlet and Orphan Zhao's revenge motives by comparing the proverbs in both plays from a rhetorical perspective.Even though the proverbs in Hamlet are contradictory and those in The Orphan of Zhao are consistent,they provide attitudes for the characters to rely on when sizing up situations and reveal the heroes'inner conflicts.This paper finds that Hamlet's revenge is motivated by the change of scene,while Orphan Zhao's revenge is driven by his transformation to a new identity.Readers may wish to think of proverbs as a heuristic tool and think broadly about how the characters"use proverbs reflects their decision-making processes and characterization and to locate the characters'motives regarding their respective cultural contexts.

关 键 词：谚语 赵氏孤儿 哈姆雷特 肯尼思·伯克 动机 

分 类 号：I106[文学—世界文学]