“硬译”与现代汉语文学语言:1930年代鲁迅翻译论争背后的文化与语言问题  

"Stiff Translation"and Literary Language of Modern Chinese:Cultural and Linguistic Concerns Behind the Argument over Lu Xun's Translation in the 1930s

作　　者：汪卫东[1] 刘晓慧 WANG Wei-dong;LIU Xiao-hui(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Soochow University,Suzhou 215123,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州大学文学院,江苏苏州215021

出　　处：《兰州大学学报（社会科学版）》2023年第3期151-160,共10页Journal of Lanzhou University（Social Sciences）

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“域外鲁迅传播和研究文献的搜集、整理与研究(1909-2019)”(20&ZD339)。

摘　　要：1930年代围绕鲁迅“硬译”的论争,不仅关乎翻译的具体策略,而且与近代以来的汉语革新问题深度相关。梁实秋等人对鲁迅的论争,聚焦于“信”与“顺”的孰先孰后,作为同一阵营的瞿秋白对鲁迅的批评和要求,则将“信”与更高要求的“顺”——“绝对的正确和绝对的白话”——相结合。鲁迅在论争中坚持了“信”的原则,其背后既有文化启蒙的深刻动机,也有现代汉语革新的深度考量,鲁迅在现代汉语革新问题上保持了复杂的历史性态度,将现代汉语视为正在生成的现代民族语言,通过取法异域语言革新创造新的现代汉语。鲁迅在自己的“直译”实践中,结合传统汉语和异域语言的长处,形成了极富表现力的现代汉语文学语言,为现代汉语书面语言的成熟作出了贡献。中国现当代文学语言的成熟得益于文学翻译,鲁迅、茅盾、巴金等现代作家在自己的文学翻译中锻造文学语言,当代作家莫言、余华、王小波等的文学语言也受惠于当代杰出文学翻译家优秀的翻译作品。The argument over Luxun's""stiff translation"in the 1930s is not only about specific translation strategies but is also deeply related to Chinese language innovation in modern times.The argument launched by Liang Shiqiu and other scholars focused on the priority of"faithfulness"and""smoothness".Lu Xun's ally Qu Qiubai maintained that"smoothness"-"being absolutely faithful to the source text by using authentic Chinese vernacular"-is a higher standard that should be met on top of"faithfulness".By insisting on the principle of"faithfulness",Lu Xun aimed at cultural enlightenment and modern Chinese innovation with a complex attitude in the historical background.He viewed modern Chinese as an emerging modern national language that can be enriched with borrowed expressions.Despite his"literal translation",he used the strengths of traditional Chinese and foreign languages to translate in a catching literary language of modern Chinese,which contributed to the maturation of the written language of modern Chinese.Besides,the maturity of literary language of modern and contemporary Chinese can also be attributed to the literary translation.Modern writers such as Lu Xun,Mao Dun and Ba Jin forged their literary language in the translation,while contemporary writers like Mo Yan,Yu Hua and Wang Xiaobo benefited from the translation of the outstanding contemporary literary translators.

关 键 词：鲁迅 翻译 “硬译” “欧化” 梁实秋 瞿秋白 现代汉语文学语言 

分 类 号：I206.7[文学—中国文学]