有机物料替代蛭石对脱毒马铃薯原原种栽培基质性质、酶活性及效益的影响  

Effects of Substituting Vermiculite with Organic Materials on Substrate Properties,Enzyme Activities and Benefits of Virus-free Potato Original Seed

作　　者：杨霞 潘子涵 俞慧胜 YANG Xia;PAN Zihan;YU Huisheng(Bailie Vocational College,Zhangye 734100,China;Gansu Tianrun Potato Industry Co.,Ltd.,Zhangye 734100,China)

机构地区：[1]培黎职业学院,甘肃张掖734100 [2]甘肃天润薯业有限责任公司,甘肃张掖734100

出　　处：《蔬菜》2023年第8期8-14,共7页Vegetables

基　　金：2021年甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目(2021B-617);2022年山丹县强科技计划项目(山科发[2022]12号)。

摘　　要：为了解决研究区域蛭石资源匮乏,制约脱毒马铃薯原原种大面积繁殖的问题,在防虫网棚内,进行有机物料替代蛭石(蛭石∶锯末∶蚕豆秸秆体积比0.40∶0.35∶0.25,蛭石∶锯末∶油菜秸秆体积比0.40∶0.35∶0.25,蛭石∶锯末∶葵花秸秆体积比0.40∶0.35∶0.25)对脱毒马铃薯原原种基质性质及酶活性和效益影响的研究。结果表明:蛭石∶锯末∶蚕豆秸秆体积比0.40∶0.35∶0.25比其他处理有利于改善基质理化性质,提高基质酶活性和脱毒马铃薯原原种经济效益,与传统蛭石对照相比较,基质容重、pH值和成本分别降低26.67%、2.95%和32.33%,总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和CEC值分别增加1.61%、1.60%、1.64%和11.94%,田间持水量、贮水量、饱和持水量、毛管持水量和非毛管持水量分别增加14.94%、9.24%、1.61%、1.60%和1.64%,脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和多酚氧化酶活性分别增加17.76%、14.98%、12.55%和16.34%;脱毒马铃薯原原种株高、茎粗、根系长、单株叶片数、地上部分鲜质量和地上部分干质量分别增加6.75%、5.13%、5.36%、8.29%、9.89%和9.92%,存活率、保苗数、单株结薯粒数、单株粒质量、单粒质量、繁殖效率分别增加3.62%、3.63%、4.19%、22.75%、10.14%和7.97%,产值、基质利润和基质投资效率分别增加7.96%、12.41%和66.08%。采用锯末、蚕豆秸秆替代传统蛭石,改善了基质理化性质,降低了基质成本,提高了脱毒马铃薯原原种经济效益。In order to solve the problem of lack of vermiculite resources in the study area,which restricts the large area propagation of virus-free potato original seeds,organic materials were used to replace vermiculite(vermiculite:sawdust residue:faba bean straw volume ratio of 0.40:0.35:0.25,vermiculite:sawdust residue:rape straw volume ratio of 0.40:0.35:0.25,vermiculite:sawdust residue:sunflower straw volume ratio of 0.40:0.35:0.25)in the insect-proof net shed.Effects of organic material replacement on substrate properties,enzyme activities and benefits of virus-free potato original seed were studied.The results showed that compared with other treatments,vermiculite:sawdust residue:faba bean straw volume ratio of 0.40:0.35:0.25 could improve the physical and chemical properties of the substrate,increase the activity of substrate enzyme and improve the economic benefits of virus-free potato original seed.Compared with the CK of traditional vermiculite,the bulk density,pH value and cost of substrate were reduced by 26.67%,2.95%and 32.33%,respectively.Total porosity,capillary porosity,non-capillary porosity and CEC increased by 1.61%,1.60%,1.64% and 11.94%,respectively.Field capacity,storage capacity,saturated capacity,capillary capacity and non-capillary capacity increased by 14.94%,9.24%,1.61%,1.60% and 1.64%,respectively.The activities of urease,phosphatase,sucrase and polyphenol oxidase increased by 17.76%,14.98%,12.55% and 16.34%,respectively.Plant height,stem diameter,root length,number of leaves,fresh weight and dry weight of above ground of virus-free potato increased by 6.75%,5.13%,5.36%,8.29%,9.89% and 9.92%,respectively.Survival rate,number of seedlings protected,number of grains per plant,grain weight per plant,grain weight and reproductive efficiency increased by 3.62%,3.63%,4.19%,22.75%,10.14% and 7.97%,respectively.Output value,substrate profit and investment efficiency increased by 7.96%,12.41% and 66.08%,respectively.The traditional vermiculite was replaced by sawdust and faba bean straw,could improve th

关 键 词：有机物料 蛭石 马铃薯 原原种 基质 效益 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]