海洋中单环芳烃(BTEX)的来源、分布与迁移及其生态环境效应  

Sources,distributions,migrations and eco-environmental effects of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(BTEX)in the ocean

作　　者：张洪海 乔浩[2] 周立敏 王健[2] 吴英璀[2] ZHANG Honghai;QIAO Hao;ZHOU Limin;WANG Jian;WU Yingcui(Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System,Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology,Ministry of Education,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]深海圈层与地球系统前沿科学中心、海洋化学理论与工程技术教育部重点实验室,中国海洋大学,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学化学化工学院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2023年第3期529-539,共11页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41876082,42276042);自然资源部海洋大气化学与全球变化重点实验室开放基金(GCMAC2007);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(202061006)。

摘　　要：挥发性有机物排放是目前大气环境污染的一个焦点问题,以苯、甲苯、乙苯和邻/间/对二甲苯(BTEX)为主要代表的单环芳烃是其中一类重要的化合物。受人类生产活动的影响,BTEX在大气、土壤、地表及地下径流、海洋中普遍存在,其环境效应与生态毒害受到广泛关注。本文从大气-海水-沉积物-生物体入手,综述了海洋环境中BTEX的分布、来源及其迁移过程等研究进展。研究显示海洋环境中BTEX浓度变化范围较大,在分布上呈现出近海高、远洋低的趋势。海洋中BTEX的主要来源是人为来源,即海洋是陆源BTEX重要的汇,而海-气交换和生物降解则被认为是BTEX的主要去除途径。此外,本文阐释了海洋中BTEX的生态与大气环境效应。BTEX具有生物毒性,威胁海洋生物的生存与繁衍,破坏海洋生态系统平衡;而进入大气的BTEX能够影响大气的氧化能力,对于臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的形成具有重要贡献。尽管海洋BTEX研究取得了一定的认识,但目前海洋环境不同介质中BTEX来源解析、迁移转化过程及生物毒性机理亟需深入系统研究,为深入认识BTEX的生物地球化学过程与环境效应奠定基础。The emission of volatile organic compounds is a focus in environmental pollution problems at present.Monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are one of the most important components,which are represented by benzene,toluene,ethylbenzene and o-,m-,p-xylene(BTEX).Affected by anthropogenic activities,BTEX were widely detected in the atmosphere,soil,surface runoffs,underground runoffs and the ocean.Their environmental and ecological toxic effects have been widely concerned.The present study overviewed the distributions,sources and fates of BTEX in the oceanic mediums,including atmosphere,seawater,sediments and living organisms.Previous studies showed that the concentrations of BTEX in marine environment have a wide range of variation,and their distributions show a decreasing trend from the inshore to the offshore.The main source of BTEX is anthropogenesis,that is,the ocean is an important sink of terrigenous BTEX.The sea-air exchange and biodegradation are considered to be the main removal pathways of BTEX.In addition,the ecological and atmospheric effects of BTEX in the ocean are discussed.Due to their biological toxicities,BTEX might threaten the survival and reproduction of marine organisms and damage the marine ecosystem.Atmospheric BTEX can affect atmospheric oxidation capacity and play important roles in forming the ozone and secondary organic aerosols.Although some knowledge have been obtained in the study of marine BTEX,the source analysis,migration and transformation processes and biological toxicity mechanism of BTEX in different marine environments need to be studied systematically for further understanding of the biogeochemical processes and environmental effects of BTEX.

关 键 词：海洋化学 单环芳烃 来源 分布 迁移转化 生态毒性 环境效应 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学]