氮肥对2个杨树品种碳氮代谢的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Two Poplar Varieties

作　　者：杜常健 张敏 张磊 胡建军[1] DU Changjian;ZHANG Min;ZHANG Lei;HU Jianjun(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Research Institute of Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Beijing 100091,China)

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2023年第6期988-995,共8页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(32071797);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD2200201);农业生物育种重大项目(2022ZD04015)。

摘　　要：研究以‘丹红’杨(美洲黑杨)和‘通辽1号’杨(小叶杨)为材料,在田间进行施氮肥和不施氮肥处理,分析2个杨树品种的生长性状、碳氮相关代谢物和发育木质部转录组的变化特征,探讨不同杨树品种氮肥利用的生理机制,为杨树的氮高效利用遗传育种奠定基础。结果表明:(1)‘丹红’杨和‘通辽1号’杨的总生物量在施氮处理后分别比不施氮处理提高了1.69倍和1.10倍;‘丹红’杨的总生物量在施氮肥和不施氮肥条件下分别是‘通辽1号’杨的13倍和10倍。(2)施氮处理显著抑制‘丹红’杨和‘通辽1号’杨树皮和木质部中总氮和多种水解氨基酸的含量,但是没有明显影响木质部的总碳、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素含量。(3)施氮处理显著影响了2个杨树品种发育木质部碳固定、糖代谢、氨基酸合成等碳氮代谢途径的基因的高表达,从而促进了植株生物量的积累。研究发现,施氮处理可以显著促进杨树发育木质部碳氮代谢途径相关基因的高表达,从而促进了杨树生物量的积累和生长;‘丹红’杨的木材产量在不同的氮素环境下都远远高于‘通辽1号’杨,更加适合人工林的大面积推广和种植。The lack of soil nitrogen in poplar plantations has seriously restricted its yield.‘Danhong’(Populus deltoides)and‘Tongliao 1’(Populus simonii)were used as materials,and treatments with and without nitrogen fertilization were conducted in the field.The changes in growth traits,carbon,and nitrogen-related metabolites,and transcriptome of the developing xylem were analyzed.The physiological mechanism of nitrogen fertilizer utilization in different poplar varieties was discussed,which laid a foundation for the genetic breeding of nitrogen efficient utilization of poplar.The results showed that:(1)The total biomass of‘Danhong’and‘Tongliao1’poplar increased 1.69 times and 1.10 times,respectively,under nitrogen application treatment.The total biomass of‘Danhong’poplar was 13 times higher than that of‘Tongliao 1’poplar under the condition of nitrogen fertilization and 10 times higher than that of‘Tongliao 1’poplar under the condition of no nitrogen fertilization.(2)The treatment of nitrogen fertilizer significantly inhibited the contents of total nitrogen and various hydrolyzed amino acids in the bark and xylem of‘Danhong’and‘Tongliao 1’,but did not significantly affect the contents of total carbon,cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin in the xylem.(3)Nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly affected the high expression of genes in carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways such as carbon fixation,sugar metabolism,and amino acid synthesis in the developing xylem of two poplar species,which resulted in biomass accumulation.In this study,we found that nitrogen application treatment significantly promoted the high expression of genes related to the carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways in the developing xylem of poplar,thus promoting the accumulation of biomass and growth of poplar.The wood yield of‘Danhong’poplar was much higher than that of‘Tongliao 1’poplar under different nitrogen environments,which was more suitable for large-scale promotion and planting of plantation.

关 键 词：杨树 氨基酸 氮肥 生长性状 碳氮代谢 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学] S792.11[农业科学—林木遗传育种]