2018-2021年柳州市柳南区儿童青少年近视调查  

Investigation of myopia among children and adolescents in Liunan District of Liuzhou City from 2018-2021

作　　者：蒋倩倩 李艳飞[1] 蓝剑[1] 李梦玥 JIANG Qianqian;LI Yanfei;LAN Jian;LI Mengyue(Environmental and School Health Control Institute,Guangxi Liuzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Liuzhou Guangxi,545007,China)

机构地区：[1]柳州市疾病预防控制中心环境与学校卫生防制所,广西柳州545007

出　　处：《职业与健康》2023年第13期1827-1830,1835,共5页Occupation and Health

基　　金：广西壮族自治区卫生健康委员会自筹经费科研课题(Z-B20221606)。

摘　　要：目的 了解柳州市柳南区儿童青少年近视变化趋势及影响因素,为制定防控措施提供参考。方法 采取分层整群抽样方法,于2018—2021年抽取柳州市柳南区9所学校学生,开展远视力检查、屈光检测以及问卷调查,并对数据进行分析。结果 2018—2021年柳州市柳南区儿童青少年近视率分别为57.86%、56.88%、56.44%和55.94%,总体呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(χ2趋势=9.678,P<0.05);女生的近视率均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析发现,定期调换座位(OR=1.136,P<0.05)、根据身高调整课桌椅高度(OR=1.083,P<0.05)、在学校做眼保健操(OR=1.042,P<0.01)、课间休息在户外(OR=1.902,P<0.01)和家长限制看电视、玩电脑或电子游戏时间(OR=0.828,P<0.05)是近视保护因素;放学后做作业/读书写字时间较长(OR=1.139,P<0.01)、近距离用眼较长时间才休息(OR=0.893,P<0.01)、走路或乘车时看书或电子屏(OR=0.788,P<0.01)、天黑后看电子屏幕时关灯(OR=0.881,P<0.05)和躺着或趴着看书或电子屏幕(OR=0.828,P<0.05)是近视的危险因素。结论 2018—2021年柳州市柳南区儿童青少年的近视率呈逐年下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平。需针对近视的影响因素,从个人、家庭和学校等方面制定近视防控措施,以降低儿童青少年患近视风险。Objective To understand the trend and influencing factors of myopia in children and adolescents in Liunan District of Liuzhou City,provide reference for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was used to select students from nine schools in Liunan District of Liuzhou City from 2018 to 2021.The far vision examination,refraction test and questionnaire survey were performed,and the data were analyzed.Results From 2018 to 2021,the myopia rates of children and adolescents in Liunan District of Liuzhou City were 57.86%,56.88%,56.44%and 55.94%,respectively,showing a downward trend in general,and the difference was statistically significant(χ2 trend=9.678,P<0.05).The myopia rates of girls were higher than those of boys,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that changing seats regularly(OR=1.136,P<0.05),adjusting the height of desks and chairs according to students'height(OR=1.083,P<0.05),doing eye exercises at school(OR=1.042,P<0.01),taking breaks outdoors during recess(OR=1.902,P<0.01),and parents limit children's time of watching TV,playing computer or video games(OR=0.828,P<0.05)were protective factors for myopia.The long time for homework/reading and writing after school(OR=1.139,P<0.01),near work for long time before resting(OR=0.893,P<0.01),reading books or electronic screens when walking or taking a bus(OR=0.788,P<0.01),turning off the lights when looking at electronic screens after dark(OR=0.881,P<0.05),and lying or prostrating to read books or electronic screens(OR=0.828,P<0.05)were risk factors for myopia.Conclusions From 2018 to 2021,the myopia rate of children and adolescents in Liunan District of Liuzhou City is decline year by year,but it is still at a high level.It is necessary to develop myopia prevention and control measures from individuals,families and schools according to the influencing factors of myopia,to reduce the risk of myopia among children and adolescents.

关 键 词：近视率 儿童 青少年 影响因素 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]