我国优秀男子短距离跨栏跑运动员起跨攻栏技术特征分析  

An Analysis of Take-off and Hurdle Clearance Technical Characteristics of China's Elite Male Sprint Hurdlers

作　　者：薛川 Xue Chuan(Schol of Physical Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250358,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学体育学院,山东济南250358

出　　处：《体育科技文献通报》2023年第7期101-102,157,共3页Bulletin of Sport Science & Technology

摘　　要：本文以我国跨栏跑项目的一些优秀运动员为研究对象,采用视频分析和运动生物力学等方法,从起跨、攻栏和落地三个阶段对其技术特征进行描述和比较,结合二维运动学分析总结各个参数对跨栏技术的影响。结果表明:①在准备起跨攻栏时,着地与过栏后着地两个阶段的缓冲与蹬伸时间关系完全不同,起跨攻栏着地阶段,缓冲与蹬伸的时间比率为65%:35%,而着地阶段的缓冲与蹬伸时间比率为20%:80%。②腾空阶段,由于重心移动方向的改变,水平速度减小,垂直速度增大,跨栏运动员重心的水平速度会转换成垂直速度;过栏后,着地时间与着地缓冲时间应尽可能地缩短,以便在跨栏后减少重心水平速度的损失。③跨栏的效率也是由起跳攻栏角度、起跳和着地时脚与栏架距离的比例、腾空时间和跨栏的重心高度共同决定的。This study focused on a study of some exceptional athletes in hurdle races in China.By employing video analysis and methods such as sports biomechanics,the study described and compared their technical characteristics in three stages:take-off,hurdle clearance,and landing.Combining two-dimensional kinematic analysis,the study summarized the impact of various parameters on hurdle technique.The results demonstrate the following:(1)During the preparation for take-off and hurdle clearance,the buffering and extension time relationship differs significantly between the landing and post-hurdle-clearance touchdown stages.In the take-off and clearing stage,the buffering-to-extension time ratio is 65%:35%,while in the landing stage,the ratio is 20%:80%.(2)In the travel phase,due to changes in the direction of the center of gravity's movement,horizontal velocity decreases while vertical velocity increases.The hurdlers center of gravitys horizontal velocity is converted into vertical velocity.After clearing the hurdle,it is crucial to minimize the landing time and buffering time to reduce the loss of horizontal velocity in the center of gravity.(3)The efficiency of hurdling is also determined by the take-off angle,the ratio of the distance between the feet and the hurdle frame at the moments of take-off and touchdown,travel time,and the center of gravity's height during the hurdle.

关 键 词：110米栏 跨栏跑 起跨攻栏技术 跨栏着地技术 

分 类 号：G822.6[文化科学—体育训练]