论自动驾驶汽车涉罪的刑事责任与刑事立法的完善  

On Criminal Liabilities in Self-Driving Car Accidents and the Legislation Improvement

作　　者：郝守才[1] 郝媛媛 Hao Shoucai;Hao Yuanyuan(School of Law,Henan University,Kaifeng 475001,China)

机构地区：[1]河南大学法学院,河南开封475001

出　　处：《铁道警察学院学报》2023年第3期70-77,共8页Journal of Railway Police College

基　　金：开封市哲学社会科学规划调研项目“重大突发事件中网络谣言的治理研究”(ZXSKGH-2022-1551)。

摘　　要：自动驾驶汽车相较于传统汽车具有更加方便快捷的优势,但受限于自身的处理系统、算法编程等因素,自动驾驶汽车在行驶过程中难以保证绝对安全的状态,发生事故后会面临着比传统汽车更为复杂的刑法适用难题。关于自动驾驶汽车涉罪的责任主体,要综合传统刑法理论基础和自动驾驶的等级划分进行分配,区分驾驶员及其他责任主体的刑事责任。驾驶员的刑事责任主要考虑其对于事故的发生是否存在故意或过失,关于自动驾驶汽车的研发、生产、销售等其他主体除了产品责任以外,考虑其承担刑事责任则主要分析其是否存在注意义务。针对不同主体刑事责任的划分,应当加强配套相应的责任承担体系。Compared with traditional cars,self-driving vehicles have more advantages of convenience.Yet affected by processing systems,algorithm programming and other factors,automated vehicles can barely ensure the absolutely safety while in motion.In the case of accidents,they are facing a tougher problem as to the application of criminal law.Criminal liabilities of self-driving car accidents should be clarified according to the traditional criminal law theory and levels of driving automation,identifying liabilities of the driver and the others.Liabilities of the driver mainly consider intention or negligence for the accident.Other liabilities of R&D,manufacture,sales of self-driving vehicles consider product liability,as well as duty of care.As to different subjects of liabilities,the corresponding responsibility systems should be constructed.

关 键 词：自动驾驶汽车 刑事责任 刑法适用 人工智能 过失犯罪 

分 类 号：D924[政治法律—刑法学]