四种菊头蝠在不同状态下回声定位声波的可塑性  

Echolocation Calls Plasticity of Four Horseshoe Bats in Different States

作　　者：张现政 黄晓宾 王玉娟 杨金颋 郑小燕 ZHANG Xianzheng;HUANG Xiaobin;WANG Yujuan;YANG Jinting;ZHENG Xiaoyan(Institute of Pathogens and Vectors,Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Control and Prevention,Dali University,Dali,671000,China;School of Environment Northeast Normal University,Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resource Conservation and Utilization,Changchun,130000,China)

机构地区：[1]大理大学病原与媒介生物研究所,云南省自然疫源性疾病防控技术重点实验室,大理671000 [2]东北师范大学环境学院,吉林省动物资源保护与利用重点实验室,长春130000

出　　处：《野生动物学报》2023年第3期515-521,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32001096);云南省科技计划项目(202101AU070056,202001AT070025)。

摘　　要：为探究菊头蝠(Rhinolophidae)回声定位声波在不同状态下的可塑性,于2022年7月在昆明市法古甸村仙人洞捕获18只蝙蝠,经鉴定隶属于菊头蝠科大耳菊头蝠(Rhinolophus macrotis,7只)、贵州菊头蝠(Rh.rex,4只)、马铁菊头蝠(Rh.ferrumequinum,4只)和中菊头蝠(Rh.affinis,3只)。使用超声波探测仪,获取4种菊头蝠在飞行、手持和悬挂3种状态下的回声定位声波,通过声学分析软件分析能量最大谐波的脉冲持续时间、脉冲间隔时间和主频。经统计分析发现,大耳菊头蝠和贵州菊头蝠在飞行状态下所发声波的脉冲持续时间和脉冲间隔时间显著长于手持和悬挂状态;而马铁菊头蝠和中菊头蝠在悬挂状态下所发声波的脉冲持续时间和间隔时间显著长于飞行和手持状态,且中菊头蝠在手持状态下的脉冲持续时间明显短于飞行状态;除贵州菊头蝠外,其他3种蝙蝠在飞行状态下所发声波的主频显著低于手持和悬挂状态。研究结果表明,蝙蝠在不同行为状态下的回声定位声波表现出明显的可塑性变化,且这种变化在不同物种间存在差异。In order to investigate the plasticity of echolocation calls in different statuses in horseshoe bats(Rhinolophi⁃dae),18 bats were captured in the Xianren Cave,Fagudian Village,Kunming in July 2022,and were further identified as belonging to the family Rhinolophidae(Rhinolophus macrotis,7;Rh.rex,4;Rh.ferrumequinum,4;and Rh.affinis,3).The echolocation calls of the four species of horseshoe bats were recorded in three states:flying,holding,and hanging.The pulse duration,inter-pulse interval,and dominant frequency of the maximum energy harmonics were analyzed by the acoustic analysis software.The pulse duration and inter-pulse interval of the echolocation calls of Rh.macrotis and Rh.rex in the flying state were significantly longer than those in the holding and hanging states,while the pulse duration and interpulse interval of the echolocation calls of Rh.ferrumequinum and Rh.affinis in the hanging state were significantly longer than those in the flying and holding states,and the pulse duration in the holding state of Rh.affinis was significantly shorter than those in the flying state.Except for the Rh.rex,the dominant frequency of the echolocation calls emitted by the other three bat species in the flying state was significantly lower than those in the holding and hanging states.The results showed that the echolocation calls in different behavioral states showed significant plasticity changes,and such changes differed among species.

关 键 词：菊头蝠 回声定位声波 飞行状态 手持状态 悬挂状态 声学可塑性 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]