不同植物精油对畜禽呼吸道致病菌的影响  

Effect of Different Plant Essential Oils on Respiratory Pathogenic Bacteria of Livestock and Poultry

作　　者：吴贵富 WU Guifu(Livzon Group New Beijiang Pharmaceutical Co.Ltd.,Guangdong Qingyuan 511520,China)

机构地区：[1]丽珠集团新北江制药股份有限公司,广东清远511520

出　　处：《饲料工业》2023年第15期49-54,共6页Feed Industry

摘　　要：试验旨在通过对17种具有良好抑菌效果植物精油的体外抑菌试验,筛选出对引起畜禽细菌性呼吸道感染常见致病菌(大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌)有显著疗效的单一植物精油品种,再通过体外抑菌正交试验筛选出最佳的植物精油复配方案,最后通过人工攻毒建立动物感染模型,筛选出复配精油组合的最佳治疗剂量,为植物精油防治家禽细菌性呼吸道疾病奠定理论基础。结果表明:在17种植物精油中,抑菌效果最好的单一植物精油是肉桂醛和香芹酚,对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为0.391 mg/mL,对乙型溶血性链球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为0.781 mg/mL。抑菌效果最佳的植物精油组合为2∶1的肉桂醛∶牛至油和2∶1的肉桂醛∶百里香酚,2∶1的肉桂醛∶牛至油对沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为0.195 mg/mL,对大肠杆菌、乙型溶血性链球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为0.391 mg/mL;2∶1的肉桂醛∶百里香酚对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度均为0.195 mg/mL,对乙型溶血性链球菌的最小抑菌浓度为0.391 mg/mL。在2∶1的肉桂醛∶百里香酚复合植物精油对畜禽呼吸道致病菌的临床试验中,最佳的饲喂剂量为200 mg/kg。Seventeen different kinds of plant essential oils with good antibacterial effect were used in the experiment,through in vitro bacteriostatic test,single plant essential oil varieties with remarkable efficacy against common pathogenic bacteria(Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Beta hemolytic streptococcus,Staphylococcus aureus)causing bacterial respiratory tract infection in livestock and poultry were selected,and then through in vitro antibacterial orthogonal test,the best essential oil combination scheme was selected,based on the single plant essential oil screened previously with better antibacterial effect,and finally an animal infection model was established by artificial injection of appropriate strains,and the optimal therapeutic dose of compound essential oil combination was selected,which laid a theoretical foundation for the prevention and treatment of bacterial respiratory diseases in poultry breeding with plant essential oil.The resnlts showed that,among the 17 plant essential oils,the best antibacterial single essential oils were cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol,with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.391 mg/mL against Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Staphylococcus aureus,and 0.781 mg/mL against Beta hemolytic streptococcus.The best combinations of essential oils for bacteriostatic effect were 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde+oregano oil and 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde+thymol,the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde+oregano oil on Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus were all 0.195 mg/mL,and the minimum inhibitory concentrations on Escherichia coli and Beta hemolytic streptococcus were all 0.391 mg/mL;and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde+thymol on Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Staphylococcus aureus were all 0.195 mg/mL,and the minimum inhibitory concentration for Beta hemolytic Streptococcus was 0.391 mg/mL.In the clinical trial of 2∶1 cinnamaldehyde:thymol composite essential oils against respiratory pathogens in livestock and poultry,the optimal feeding dose was 200 mg/kg.

关 键 词：植物精油 大肠杆菌 沙门氏菌 乙型溶血性链球菌 金黄色葡萄球菌 最小抑菌浓度 剂量 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学]