满族说部中水生创世与洪灾重建神话研究  

A Study on the Myth of Aquatic Creation and Flood Reconstruction in Manchu Story

作　　者：杨春风[1] YANG Chunfeng(Institute of Literature,Jilin Academy of Social Sciences,Changchun,Jilin 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省社会科学院语言文学研究所,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第4期32-40,共9页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(13BZW162)。

摘　　要：创世神话和洪灾后重建神话是各民族神话中常见的主题。满族说部中的创世神话与洪灾神话有鲜明的特点,那就是“水生创世”的思想和“洪水混沌”的理念。在满族说部的某些神话中,水是宇宙万物之源,包括“三女神”在内的一切万物和神灵都从水中诞生;洪灾并不像《圣经》中所描写的是上帝用来惩罚人类的灾难,而是被视为一种自然的劫数,每隔一段时间就会有洪水淹没大地,而洪灾后的重建就是上一劫的动植物神重生与重建天地的过程。“水生创世”神话的产生,或许与《女真神话故事》中提到的“东海龙王侵占陆地”传说有关;“洪水混沌”理念的产生,似乎与东北古代每到雨季常常会暴雨不断,导致洪水泛滥的现象有关。Creation myth and flood reconstruction myth are common themes in national mythology.The creation myth and flood myth of Manchu have distinct characteristics,that is,the idea of“aquatic cre‐ation”and the idea of“flood chaos”.In some myths of Manchu,water is the source of all things in the uni‐verse,and all things and gods,including the three goddesses,are born from water;The flood is not a disaster that God used to punish human beings as described in the Bible,but is regarded as a natural calamity.Ev‐ery once in a while,there will be a flood inundate the earth,and the reconstruction after the flood is the pro‐cess of rebirth and reconstruction of the animal and plant gods of the last disaster.The emergence of the“aquatic creation”myth may be related to the legend of“the dragon King of the East China Sea occupying the land”mentioned in The Fairy Tales of Jurchen.The origin of the concept of“flood chaos”seems to be related to the phenomenon that rainstorm often occurred during the rainy season in ancient Northeast China,leading to flooding.

关 键 词：满族说部 神话 创世 洪灾 

分 类 号：K249[历史地理—历史学]