疑古与释古 --“历史层累说”与“历史创生论”的反与合  

Questioning and Interpreting the Past:The Positive and Negative of“The Theory of Accumulation of Historical Layers”and“The Theory of Historical Creation”

作　　者：胡镓[1] 程庭辉 HU Jia;CHENG Tinghui(College of Liberal Arts,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,Jiangsu 225000,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学文学院,江苏扬州225000

出　　处：《吉林师范大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2023年第4期50-57,共8页Journal Of Jilin Normal University:Humanities & Social Science Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD293)。

摘　　要：顾颉刚在20世纪20年代提出“历史层累说”,认为经书所载的古史混杂了神话和传说,以及历代诸生对史料有意的作伪,造成“时代愈后,传说的古史愈长”“时代愈后,传说中的中心人物愈放愈大”等问题。因此,需要将这些伪史辨别并清除,还历史以本来面目。而在沃格林看来,“用传说将天下的历史回溯至其宇宙创生起源”是一种普遍的“历史创生论”,他以符号和秩序的概念进行阐释:神话是人类对其生存过程的符号化表达,秩序是神、人、世界和社会共同组成的结构,以及人与这种结构保持协调关系的生存状态。正是因为人类的符号化表达不断分化和对秩序经验知识的提升,才建构起历史,不能简单地以“作伪”待之。因此,将沃格林的“释史”和顾颉刚的“疑史”相比较,对于当下重新审视民族神话与历史有重要的启示意义。In the 1920s,Gu Jie Gang proposed“The Theory of Accumulation of Historical Layers”,arguing that the ancient history contained in the scriptures was mixed with myths and legends,as well as the intentional falsification of historical materials by scholars in successive generations,resulting in“the later the era,the longer the ancient history of legends”.“The later the age,the larger the central figure in the leg‐end”.Therefore,it is necessary to identify and remove these pseudo-histories and return history to its origi‐nal form.For Voegelin,“the use of legends to trace the history of the world back to its cosmic creation”is a kind of universal“The Theory of Historical Creation”which he explains by the concepts of symbols and or‐der:myth is the symbolic expression of human beings for their existence process,and order is the symbolic expression of what human beings experience as God,human beings,and order.Myth is the symbolic expres‐sion of the process of human existence,and order is the structure of God,man,the world,and society as ex‐perienced by man,and the state of existence in which man maintains a harmonious relationship with this structure.It is precisely because of the continuous differentiation of human symbolic expression and the im‐provement of order experience knowledge that history is constructed,and cannot be simply treated as“falsi‐fication”.Therefore,the comparison of Voegelin’s“interpretation of history”and Gu Jiegang’s“question of history”has important enlightenment significance for the current re examination of national myths and history.

关 键 词：沃格林 顾颉刚 《天下时代》 《古史辨》 历史创生论 

分 类 号：K09[历史地理—历史学]