错配的钥匙再论不动产登记争议的行政诉讼  

Reconsidering Administrative Litigation in Real Estate Registration Disputes

作　　者：王敏[1] Wang Min

机构地区：[1]清华大学法学院

出　　处：《中外法学》2023年第4期1100-1119,共20页Peking University Law Journal

摘　　要：不动产登记争议的解决是一个久病难医的问题。基于“不动产登记是行政行为,行政争议应走行政诉讼”的普遍理解,不动产登记争议大量进入行政诉讼渠道。然而,行政诉讼无法实质性解决相关争议,新《行政诉讼法》所肯定的“行民一并审理”也近乎虚设。登记行为的性质和诉讼途径的选择需要反思。在《物权法》所确立的不动产登记制度下,登记行为已褪去行政管制色彩,旨在公示公信。登记虽属广义上的行政行为,但不属于行政决定,传统行政决定的争议解决途径不再适合。实践中要求撤销不动产登记的争议实质均为物权争议,当事人可以通过民事诉讼确权,再向登记机构申请更正登记解决。对不动产登记行为提起撤销诉讼是条错路,应当明确予以排除。登记行政诉讼仍有适用余地,但只适用于要求登记机关履行登记职责和赔偿违法登记造成的损失。行政争议的实质性解决要求厘清争议性质,合理适用诉讼类型,行政诉讼不是解决行政登记争议的“万能钥匙”。The resolution of real estate registration disputes is an issue that has been challenging for a long time.The general understanding that real estate registration is an administrative action and administrative disputes should go through administrative litigation has led to a large number of real estate registration disputes entering the administrative litigation channel.However,administrative litigation is not able to substantially solve the relevant disputes,and the new Administrative Litigation Law affirms that the“administrative and civil trial together”is also almost futile.The nature of the registration action and the choice of proceeding need to be reconsidered.Under the real estate registration system established by the Property Law,the action of registration has lost its function of administrative control and aims at public disclosure.Although registration is an administrative action in the broad sense,it is not an administrative adjudication,and the traditional dispute resolution route of administrative decision is no longer suitable.In practice,disputes over the revocation of real estate registration are in essence disputes over property rights,which can be resolved through civil litigation to confirm rights and then apply to the registry for correction of registration.The lawsuit of revocation of real estate registration is a wrong path,which should be clearly excluded.There is still room for registration administrative litigation,but it is only applicable to requesting the registration authority to perform its registration duties and to compensate for the damages caused by illegal registration.The effective resolution of administrative disputes requires clarification of the nature of the dispute and reasonable application of the type of litigation,and administrative litigation is not a“panacea”for resolving administrative registration disputes.

关 键 词：行政登记 行政行为 行政诉讼 民行交叉 实质性解决争议 

分 类 号：D925.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]