晚清民国时期唐绍仪“民主共和”政治思想的历史考察  

A Historical Study of Tang Shaoyi's Political Thought on Democratic Republic in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China Era

作　　者：刘欣怡 Liu Xinyi

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学(珠海)文理学院,广东珠海519087

出　　处：《上海地方志》2023年第2期77-84,96,共9页Shanghai Chronicles

摘　　要：“民主共和”是唐绍仪政治思想的重要组成部分。唐绍仪幼年赴美留学期间是其“民主共和”思想萌芽的重要时期;第一次南北和谈期间,唐绍仪初步公开了他“民主共和”的政治思想;担任民国第一任内阁总理后,唐绍仪“民主共和”的政治思想日益公开化,并具体化为对西方民主制度中内阁、国会、约法等要素的效仿和学习;此后,唐绍仪在辞任内阁总理及与袁世凯决裂等事件中,体现出对“民主共和”思想的维护和贯彻。袁世凯去世后,愈发紧张的“内忧外患”局势及此前“民主共和”实践中的受挫均使唐绍仪认识到,“和平”对国家和人民十分重要,动荡时期国会和约法不可持续,由此,在“民主共和”思想中加入了“和平”这一思想前提。这也体现出唐绍仪的“民主共和”思想与中国国情和时局发展的联系日益紧密,其“民主共和”思想逐渐走向成熟。"Democratic republic"is a significant part of Tang Shaoyi's political thought.The years when he studied in the US in his early age stood as an important period when his"democratic republic"thought sprouted.During the first North-South peace talks,Tang Shaoyi first revealed his political thought on"democratic republic".After he became the first cabinet prime minister of the Republic of China,his"democratic republic"thought was further revealed and materialized based on his efforts to follow and learn from the cabinet,congress,constitution and other elements in the Western democratic system.Afterwards,his resignation from the post of cabinet prime minister,his break with Yuan Shikai and other incidents are typical examples of safeguarding and implementing his"democratic republic"thought.After Yuan Shikai died,the increasingly tense"domestic turmoil and foreign aggression"and the previous setbacks in the practice of"democratic republic"pushed Tang Shaoyi to realize the importance of"peace"to the country and the people and the unsustainability of congress and constitution in the turbulent times.Since then,he had added the premise of"peace"to the"democratic republic"thought,which reflected that his"democratic republic"thought was increasingly closely related to China's national conditions and the situation,and that his thought had gradually matured.

关 键 词：唐绍仪 民主共和 政治思想 和平 晚清民国时期 

分 类 号：K25[历史地理—历史学]