从实验室到市场:制度情境、身份认同和专利能力在科技成果商业化中的相互作用  

From Labs to Markets:Understanding the Interplay of Institutional Context Identity,and Patentability in Academic Commercialization

作　　者：雷玮 张闫龙[2] Wei Lei;Yanlong Zhang(School of Business,East China University of Science and Technology;Guanghua School of Management,Peking University)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学商学院 [2]北京大学光华管理学院

出　　处：《经济管理学刊》2023年第2期51-74,共24页Quarterly Journal of Economics and Management

基　　金：北京大学国家高新技术产业开发区发展战略研究院对本文研究的支持。

摘　　要：本文考察了中国制度情境下科研人员的科技成果商业化活动。相比于西方情境,中国高校和科研院所中科技成果商业化具有更强的合法性基础。通过整合制度逻辑视角和身份控制理论,本文研究了国家逻辑、市场逻辑和专业逻辑之间的相互作用对科学家身份和科技成果商业化的影响。本文基于对1776名高校和科研院所研究人员的样本分析,发现市场逻辑对科学家的专利能力和科技成果的商业化具有积极影响。然而,市场逻辑的作用受到专业逻辑和国家逻辑的影响:就专业逻辑而言,对职称晋升的满意度削弱了科学家专利能力与科技成果商业化之间的正向关系;国家逻辑对市场逻辑的影响具有双重作用,国家创新政策的支持加强了科学家专利能力和科技成果商业化之间的正向关系,而获得政府资助的科研项目则削弱了这种正向关系。This paper explores academic entrepreneurship within the context of Chinese universities and research institutes,where the interrelationships among major institutional logics present a contrasting setting to the western context.In prevalent western scenarios,the science community has long been bound by the Mertonian norm of disinterestedness and communism,which encoura-ges the free pursuit of knowledge and avoids direct commercial activity.As such,a significant issue when commercializing science is to increase legitimacy and redefine the boundary between academia and commerce.The evolution of the Science&Technology system in China has undergone a substantial transfor-mation in institutional logics.Prior to market reform,the state logic was dominant within Chinese universities and rescarch institutes concerning all aspects of resource allocation,output goals,and human resource management.Universities and rescarch institutes,under direct govemnment control,functioned as instruments for training talent and providing technologies according to govemment demands.Therefore,technology transfer and utilization were legitimate within universities and research institutes from the onset.Scientists were allowed and instructed to apply their research out-puts,albeit weakly connected to individual economic interests.Later,during the economic reform era,the state progressively shifted its administration role into macro guidance and oversight.Under state guidance,both professional logic and market logic emerged and prevailed within universities and rescearch institutes.The market logic supplanted the state's role in promoting the utilization of scientific outputs,further reconstructing the incentive system and utilization mechanisms towards commercialization.This change invigorated the economic incentives for academic scientists,requiring them to gain more knowledge and exposure to industrial activities to understand enterprises'technological needs.Meanwhile,professional logic rose to take over govermance within the academie comm

关 键 词：商业化 科研人员 制度逻辑 身份 

分 类 号：F27[经济管理—企业管理] F42[经济管理—国民经济]