明清时期淮河流域测水志桩设置与治淮考量  

A Brief Analysis on the Setting of Water Measuring Log Pile and the Governance of Huai River Basin in Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：张新毅 范小露 ZHANG Xinyi;FAN Xiaolu

机构地区：[1]阜阳师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,安徽阜阳236037

出　　处：《淮南师范学院学报》2023年第3期34-38,共5页Journal of Huainan Normal University

基　　金：安徽省高校科学研究项目重点项目“明清时期淮河流域水位记录与志桩考证研究”(SK2021A0416);安徽省高校科学研究项目重点项目“淮河流域沉积记录的古洪水事件考证研究”(SK2020A0311);安徽省哲学社会科学规划项目“淮河流域沉积记录的历史时期沙尘灾害考证研究”(AHSKQ2021D213)。

摘　　要：明清时期,缘于政治中心的转移和京杭大运河的联结,黄河南泛袭夺淮河河道致使淮河流域洪灾频发。京杭大运河作为连接北方政治中心与南方经济中心的纽带,明清政府治理淮河以保护漕运为先决条件,在下游洪泽湖区高筑拦水坝,造就了淮河上游下游地势高、中游地势低的河流状况。明清时期淮河流域设置了大量的水位测量志桩,分布于淮河干流、洪泽湖、里运河及黄河古道等处。淮河流域志桩设置的基本顺序为梁济运河、黄河古道、洪泽湖、淮河中上游,其基本考量是运河优先,同时权衡黄泛风险,治淮服务于“攻沙”“刷黄”与“济运”。During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,due to the shift of the political center and the opening of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal,the southern Yellow River swept over the Huaihe River,causing frequent floods in the Huaihe River basin.The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal served as a link between the political center of the north and the economic center of the south.The government of Ming and Qing Dynasties regarded the maintenance of the grain transport as a prerequisite for the management of the Huaihe River.The high dam construction in the downstream Hongze Lake area caused high topography in the upper and lower reaches and low topography in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River,which led to the formation of a large number of flood storage areas in the middle reaches of the Huaihe River.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,a large number of water level measuring piles were set up in the Huaihe River basin,which were mainly distributed in the main stream of the Huaihe River,Hongze Lake,Li Canal and the ancient road of the Yellow River.The basic route of the piles in the Huaihe River basin is Liangji Canal,the ancient waterway of the Yellow River,Hongze Lake,and the middle and upper reaches of the Huaihe River.The fundamental principle is to give priority to the canal with the consideration of yellow flood risk and manage the Huaihe River to contain sand attack,curb soil loss and help transportation.

关 键 词：淮河治理 志桩 明清时期 

分 类 号：TV882.3[水利工程—水利水电工程]