危机与新生:考古材料所见低地龙山崩溃及其历史意义  

Crisis and Regeneration:The Collapse of Lowland Longshan in Archaeological Materials and Its Historical Significance

作　　者：张莉 Zhang Li

机构地区：[1]郑州大学历史学院

出　　处：《南方文物》2023年第3期74-79,共6页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：国家社科基金·兰台学术计划(20@WTC007);科技部基础资源重点调查项目(2017FY101001);河南省哲学社会科学规划项目(2021WT28);河南省高等学校青年骨干教师培养计划(2020GGJS022);郑州中华之源与嵩山文明研究会项目(Z2015-2);河南省首批线下一流课程“阅读与写作”建设项目;郑州大学重点项目(XKZDJC202006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：刘绪师在20世纪90年代既已指出,黄河中下游地区在从龙山时代到二里头时代间出现了广泛的社会衰落和“突变”,该研究从本质上奠定了龙山到二里头时代转折相关讨论的核心叙事体系。本文结合社会崩溃的相关理论开展系统分析,指出低地多个区域在龙山时代晚期陆续出现了以“去城市化”和人口大规模减少为代表的“低地龙山崩溃”,其中仅嵩山文化圈成为了低地的例外。本文以“社会崩溃”的视角,就刘绪师提出的龙山到二里头时代“突变模式”的具体机制进行阐释,强调龙山晚期的低地社会崩溃既是“危机”,也是早期中国继而在二里头时代出现以洛阳盆地为中心的“新生”的序章。In 1990s,Professor Liu Xu pointed out that a massive decline took place in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River at the transition from the Longshan era to the Erlitou era.He also proposed a new paradigm named“abrupt change”,as opposed to the old school of“transition”or the“transitional phase”.Synthesizing the latest literature on collapse,I,on the basis of Professor Liu’s guidance,show that a series of successive declines took place throughout lowland China in the Late Longshan period,a phenomenon of which could be named the“Lowland Longshan collapse.”This put an end to the lowland states of the Longshan period and provided the context for the regeneration in the lowlands centering the Erlitou settlement.This article aims at bringing out the long overlooked significance of Professor Liu’s pioneering insights on this topic.

关 键 词：突变 低地龙山崩溃 “边缘”优势 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]