植物细胞壁形成及在非生物胁迫中的作用  

Plant cell wall development and its function in abiotic stress

作　　者：杨帅[1,2] 高尚珠 卢晗 詹亚光 曾凡锁[1,2] YANG Shuai;GAO Shangzhu;LU Han;ZHAN Yaguang;ZENG Fansuo(State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China;College of Life Sciences,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,China)

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室(东北林业大学),哈尔滨150040 [2]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《植物生理学报》2023年第7期1251-1264,共14页Plant Physiology Journal

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31870588和32271903);中央高校基本科研业务费(2572021DT06)。

摘　　要：植物细胞壁是一种天然的纳米结构,由纤维素、果胶、半纤维素、木质素和少量蛋白质等多种生物大分子构成。近年来,随着植物功能基因组学和成像技术不断发展,细胞壁的生物合成、组装、重塑及其在非生物胁迫下的功能得到了更深入的理解。植物生长会受到各种环境因素的影响,主要包括高盐、高温、冷冻、干旱、重金属离子等非生物胁迫作用。根据现有研究,本文综述了植物细胞壁的结构组成以及各组分合成及调控所涉及的关键酶和转录因子,探讨了这些非生物胁迫如何调控细胞壁各组分含量及改变细胞壁结构,从而影响细胞壁的机械特性以及细胞壁在胁迫中的信号反应;最后,对细胞壁发育和逆境适应机制研究趋势进行了展望。Plant cell wall is a kind of natural nanostructure,which is composed of cellulose,pectin,hemicellulose,lignin,and a little protein.In recent years,with the continuous development of plant functional genomics and imaging technology,cell wall biosynthesis,assembly and remodeling,and the function under abiotic stress have been further understood.Plant growth will be affected by various environmental factors,including high salt,high temperature,freezing,drought,heavy metal ions,and other abiotic stresses.Based on existing research,this article reviews the structure of plant cell walls,the synthesis of each component,and key enzymes and transcription factors involved in the regulation.We also discuss how these abiotic stresses regulate the content and changes of cell wall components.The structure of the cell wall affects the mechanical properties of the cell wall and the signal response of the cell wall under stress.Finally,the research trends of cell wall development and adversity adaptation mechanisms are prospected.

关 键 词：细胞壁 非生物胁迫 纤维素 木质素 果胶 

分 类 号：Q942[生物学—植物学]