流域重金属迁移模型研究进展  

Research progress on heavy metal migration model at watershed scale

作　　者：刘连华 张晴雯[1] 王依滴 顾翔 LIU Lian-hua;ZHANG Qing-wen;WANG Yi-di;GU Xiang(Agricultural Clean Watershed Research Group,Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences,Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所农业清洁流域团队,北京100081 [2]北京大学环境科学与工程学院,水沙科学教育部重点实验室,北京100871 [3]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第8期4229-4238,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42107394、U21A2039);中国博士后科学基金资助项目(20237160019,2020M680432);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(BSRF202309)。

摘　　要：论述了流域重金属的主要来源和迁移机理,梳理了目前常用的经验模型和机理模型的特点,比较了两类模型在流域重金属迁移模拟中的优缺点.结果表明,从简单线性或非线性的经验模型到考虑随着水文和土壤侵蚀等迁移转化过程的机理模型,流域重金属迁移模型的适用范围逐渐扩大、模拟精度不断提高,在重金属污染负荷估算和水质预测等方面发挥了重要作用.经验模型对基础数据要求较低,计算过程相对简单,适用于数据缺乏流域的重金属污染负荷宏观评估.机理模型对数据量和数据精度要求较高,结构复杂,可实现对重金属迁移过程较为细致的模拟.同时,提出了多模型耦合开发和应用、不同迁移路径的机理研究和重金属污染溯源解析模拟是未来流域重金属迁移模型研究的重点,为流域重金属模型应用、模型改进和重金属污染溯源提供科学依据.This paper elucidated the main sources,migration mechanisms of heavy metals in the watershed and reviewed the characteristics of commonly used empirical and mechanistic models.The advantages and disadvantages of common-used models were compared synthetically.Results showed that,heavy metal migration models have been improved from the empirical models with simple linear or nonlinear to the mechanism models with the migration and transformation with hydrological and soil erosion processes.The applicability of heavy metal migration models is gradually expanding,and the simulation accuracy is constantly improving,which play an important role in the simulation of heavy metal loadings and water quality prediction.Empirical models require fewer basic data and have relatively simple calculation processes,making them suitable for rough evaluation of heavy metal loadings in the watersheds with limited data.Mechanism models require many high-accuracy data,and have complex model structures,which can achieve the detailed simulation of heavy metal migration processes.The authors proposed outlook on the development of multiple model coupling,the mechanism research of different migration paths,and the identification analysis of heavy metal pollution tracing.Achieving these prospects will provide scientific support for the application,improvement,and source identification of heavy metal pollution at watershed scale.

关 键 词：重金属 模型模拟 迁移转化 过程机理 研究趋势 

分 类 号：X131[环境科学与工程—环境科学]