原油乳状液稳定性及破乳机理研究进展  

Research progress on stability and demulsification mechanism of crude oil emulsions

作　　者：冯城 郑焕令 王加宁 宋繁永 李天元 傅晓文 黄玉杰 张闻 FENG Cheng;ZHENG Huan-ling;WANG Jia-ning;SONG Fan-yong;LI Tian-yuan;FU Xiao-wen;HUANG Yu-jie;ZHANG Wen(Qilu University of Technology,Ecology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences,Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology,Jinan 250103,China)

机构地区：[1]齐鲁工业大学(山东省科学院),山东省科学院生态研究所,山东省应用微生物重点实验室,山东济南250103

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2023年第8期4316-4325,共10页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技重大专项课题(2019YFC1804103);山东省科技重大专项(2021CXGC011201)。

摘　　要：原油乳状液是原油开采过程中产生的复杂油水体系,其中的天然界面活性物质和添加的聚合物等增加了乳状液的稳定性,胶质、沥青质被认为是油水乳液主要的稳定剂.化学破乳法是向乳状液中添加破乳剂实现油水分离的一种方法,但对破乳机理尚无准确定论.本文综述了原油乳状液的界面活性物质,包括界面膜、界面张力、胶质、沥青质等对乳状液稳定性的影响机制,讨论了破乳剂的发展现状、趋势及对乳状液的作用效果,目前破乳剂的研究方向主要有改性复配、聚季铵盐、聚醚类等破乳剂研发,并阐述了顶替置换、絮凝聚结等破乳机理的研究现状,并对破乳机理和破乳剂的未来研究方向进行了展望.Crude oil emulsion is a complex oil-water system produced in the process of crude oil exploitation.The natural interfacial active substances and added polymers increase the stability of the emulsion.Gum and asphaltene are considered as the main stabilizers of the oil-water emulsion.Chemical demulsification is a method to separate oil from water by adding demulsifier to emulsion,but the mechanism of demulsification has not been confirmed.The influence mechanism of interfacial active substances in crude oil emulsions,including interfacial film,interfacial tension,gel,asphaltene and so on,on the stability of emulsions was reviewed.The development status and trend of demulsifiers and their effects on emulsions were discussed.At present,the main research directions of demulsifiers include modification and combination,research and development of polyquaternary ammonium salt,polyethers and other demulsifiers The research status of demulsification mechanism and the future research direction of demulsification mechanism and demulsifier were prospected.

关 键 词：乳状液 沥青质 破乳剂 界面张力 破乳机理 

分 类 号：X74[环境科学与工程—环境工程]