基于APD单光子探测器的光子到达时间标记精度研究  

Research on Accuracy of Photon Arrival Time Labeling Based onAPD Single Photon Detector

作　　者：李保权 李帆 曹阳 桑鹏 LI Baoquan;LI Fan;CAO Yang;SANG Peng(National Space Science Center,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家空间科学中心,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《光子学报》2023年第7期142-149,共8页Acta Photonica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(No.2017YFB0503300)。

摘　　要：为了准确测量X射线脉冲星导航中的光子到达时间,提出了一种X射线探测器光子到达时间精度的测试系统,该系统主要由脉冲X射线发生器、任意波形发生器、雪崩光电二极管探测器和时间标记光子计数器组成。系统测量脉冲X射线发生器的控制脉冲信号与雪崩光电二极管探测器测量的输出信号之间的时间延迟,研究时间延迟的分布情况,该分布的标准差可以反映被测探测器的光子到达时间测量精度。实验结果显示,雪崩光电二极管探测器输出信号相比控制信号的时间延迟约9.03 ns,标准差为2.23 ns,即雪崩光电二极管探测器的光子到达时间精度为2.23 ns,表明其能够实现对X射线单光子的快时间响应与高精度标记。X-ray pulsar navigation technology uses pulsars as navigation beacons,and multiple pulsars with orderly distribution in space are selected to form a function similar to the existing navigation satellite network.X-ray detectors receive highly stable pulse signals emitted by distant pulsars,record photon arrival time,and then determine the position,attitude,speed and time of spacecraft through algorithms to provide navigation information for spacecraft and realize autonomous navigation.Accurate measurement of photon arrival time is a very important part of X-ray pulsar navigation,and photon arrival time accuracy is an important factor affecting the navigation accuracy.Therefore,a measuring system for photon arrival time accuracy of X-ray detector is established.The system mainly consisted of pulse X-ray generator,arbitrary waveform generator,Avalanche Photodiode(APD)and time-marked photon counter.The pulse X-ray generator consists of X-ray modulation tube and high-voltage and control circuit.In the X-ray modulation tube,the cathode filament is energized and heated to release electrons,which are accelerated at high anode pressure,the modulating electrode adjusts the number of electrons passing through,the focusing pole focuses the electron beam,and finally the electron beam hits the anode target to produce X-rays.Among them,the electric field formed by the modulating pole voltage is equivalent to the external electric field of the hot cathode.When the modulator voltage is negative,the electron beam can be blocked from passing through the modulator.After the negative voltage gradually increases,the electron beam is completely blocked and cannot stimulate the X-ray.This voltage is the cut-off voltage,which is-3 V after test.The arbitrary waveform generator generates a pulse control signal to control the modulation pole of the X-ray modulation tube.When an arbitrary waveform generator controls the pulse X-ray generator to simulate the pulsar signal,the control pulse with corresponding pulse profile can be generated.In

关 键 词：X射线 X射线调制源 光子到达时间精度 雪崩光电二极管 脉冲星导航 

分 类 号：O434.1[机械工程—光学工程] TL816.1[理学—光学]