桂溪河上游河段净水植物筛选和去污能力比较  

Screening of water purification plants and comparison of their decontamination ability in the upper reaches of Guixi River

作　　者：赵小红 傅滟 郭瑀 廖伟伶 封丽 雷美艳[1] ZHAO Xiaohong;FU Yan;GUO Yu;LIAO Weiling;FENG Li;LEI Meiyan(Chongqing Institute of Medicinal Plant Cultivation,Chongqing 408435;Chongqing Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences,Chongqing 400014)

机构地区：[1]重庆市药物种植研究所,重庆408435 [2]重庆市生态环境科学研究院,重庆400014

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2023年第8期1101-1107,共7页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：重庆市生态环境局科研项目(No.2021-014);重庆市科学技术局科研项目(No.cstc2019jxjl20007);重庆市科研机构绩效激励引导专项(No.cstc2019jxjl50004)。

摘　　要：植物修复技术在城市内河水质提升方面具有实际应用价值。以30种水生植物为试验对象,在重庆市垫江县桂溪河上游进行实地种植,通过分析植物的存活率、元素含量、富集系数等指标,筛选适宜在桂溪河上游水环境种植的净水植物。结果表明:艾草(Artemisia verlotorum)、伊乐藻(Elodea canadensis)、菹草(Potamogeton crispus)、皱叶酸模(Rumex crispus L.)、慈姑(Sagittaria trifolia)的氮、磷吸收能力较强,可用于富营养化水体修复;伊乐藻、菹草、菖蒲(Acorus calamus)、皱叶酸模、艾草、美人蕉(Canna indica)、荸荠(Eleocharis dulcis)、石菖蒲(Acorus tatarinowii)重金属吸收能力强,适用于重金属污染水体修复。针对桂溪河上游水质特点推荐修复方案为:前期选择综合吸收能力强的植物如菹草、艾草、慈姑等作为先锋植物,后期组合配置香蒲(Typha orientalis)、金荞麦(Fagopyrum dibotrys)、皱叶酸模等本地植物稳定水质,巩固水体修复效果。Phytoremediation technology has great application potential in water quality improvement of urban inland rivers.In this study,30 aquatic plants were transplanted in the upper reaches of Guixi River in Dianjiang County of Chongqing City.The suitable plants for Guixi River phytoremediation were selected by comparative analysis of plant survival rate,element content,bioaccumulation factor and other indicators.The results showed that Artemisia verlotorum,Elodea canadensis,Potamogeton crispus,Rumex crispus L.and Sagittaria trifolia had strong nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity,which were suitable for eutrophied water purification.Elodea canadensis,Potamogeton crispus,Acorus calamus,Rumex crispus L.,Artemisia verlotorum,Canna indica,Eleocharis dulcis and Acorus tatarinowii had strong heavy metal absorption capacity,which were suitable for heavy metal polluted water.According to the characteristics of water quality in upper Guixi River,the plants with strong absorption capacity such as Potamogeton crispus,Artemisia verlotorum and Sagittaria trifolia could be used as pioneer plants for water restoration,and the local plants such as Typha orientalis,Fagopyrum dibotrys and Rumex crispus L.could be selected to stabilize the water quality and consolidate the restoration effect.

关 键 词：植物修复 富集系数 水体 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X52