地形对香港国际机场起降航道低空风切变的影响  

Influence of terrain on low-level windshear at the approach-departure paths of HKIA

作　　者：黄妍妮 陈丰[1] Pak-wai Chan HUANG Yanni;CHEN Feng;Pak-wai Chan(The Key Laboratory of Infrastructure Durability and Operation Safety in Airfield of CAAC,Tongji University,Shanghai 201804,China;Hong Kong Observatory,Hong Kong 999077,China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学民航飞行区设施耐久与运行安全重点实验室,上海201804 [2]香港天文台,中国香港999077

出　　处：《中国民航大学学报》2023年第3期31-40,共10页Journal of Civil Aviation University of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1733113)。

摘　　要：为识别复杂地形影响下香港国际机场(HKIA,Hong Kong International Airport)低空风切变的易发空域,采用大涡模拟方法(LES,large eddy simulation)对机场及其周边地形进行了风场精细化数值模拟。结合风速云图比较东、东南、南、西南风背景下3条跑道起降航道上的风速变化,分析得出了地形与风场分布间的因果关系。通过与无地形情况下的对照试验结果对比,采用F因子(识别逆风)和7节标准(识别侧风)识别机场跑道低空风切变易发区间。结果表明,东风易造成飞机进离场的逆风风速发生时空变化;西南风影响跑道东侧着陆路径上的逆风风速,但几乎不影响跑道西侧离场路径的风速;在东南风和南风背景下,3条跑道起降航道低空段的侧风均受地形影响显著。根据3条跑道进离场航道上的低空风切变易发空域,得到了地形因素对香港国际机场低空风切变的影响范围,研究结果可为机场风切变风险防控提供主动规避措施和建议。To identify the prone airspace of complex terrain-induced low-level windshear at Hong Kong International Airport(HKIA),large eddy simulation(LES)method was used to simulate the wind field of the airport and its surr-ounding terrain.The wind speed changes at the take off and landing paths of three runways under the background of east,southeast,south and southwest wind were compared combined with wind speed cloud map,and the causal relationship between the terrain and the wind field distribution was analyzed.By comparing the results with the control test without terrain,the F-factor(headwind)and 7-knot standard(crosswind)were employed to identify the prone regions of low-level windshear at the airport runway.The results showed that the east wind was easy to cause the temporal and spatial variation of the headwind speed at the take off and landing paths of the aircraft.The southwest wind affected the headwind speed at the landing path on the east side of the runway,but had little effect on the take-off path on the west side of the runway.Under the background of southeast wind and the south wind,the crosswind in the low altitude section at the approach-departure paths of the three runways were significantly affected by the terrain.According to prone airspace of the low-level windshear at take off and landing paths of three runways,the influence range of topographic factors on low-level windshear of HKIA was obtained,which can provide active avoidance measures and suggestions for airport windshear risk prevention and control.

关 键 词：低空风切变 大涡模拟 复杂地形 风切变识别 飞机起降航道 

分 类 号：V321.2[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程] O35[理学—流体力学]