汽车座椅体压分布变化规律和调节策略  

Study on the Law of Automobile Seat Body Pressure Distribution and Strategy of Automobile Seat Adjustment

作　　者：彭强 袁欢 郭巍[1,2,3] 周蒙蒙[1,2] 阮金伟 PENG Qiang;YUAN Huan;CUO Wei;ZHOU Mengmeng;RUA Jinwei(School of automotive engineering,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Automotive Components,Wuhan University of Technolgy,Wuhan 430070,China;Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Automotive Comonents Technology,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学汽车工程学院,武汉430070 [2]武汉理工大学现代汽车零部件技术湖北省重点实验室,武汉430070 [3]武汉理工大学汽车零部件技术湖北省协同创新中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《机械设计与研究》2023年第3期185-192,共8页Machine Design And Research

基　　金：新能源汽车科学与关键技术学科创新引智基地资助项目(B17034);中国教育部创新研究团队发展规划项目(IRT_17R83);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(WUT:2019Ⅲ112CG);武汉理工大学技术转移荆门中心产业基金项目(WHUTJMZX-2022JJ-07)。

摘　　要：汽车座椅的舒适性和智能化广受消费者关注,为给座椅的舒适性和智能化设计提供理论指导,研究了汽车座椅调节对体压分布影响规律并基于体压变化规律提出了一种改善舒适性的座椅调节策略。以座椅调节参数为因子,以人体与座椅接触面的压力特征参数为观测变量,设计了正交实验。利用方差分析——同时主成分分析方法(ANOVA-simultaneous component analysis,ASCA)对正交试验数据进行分析,得到了座椅调节对体压分布的影响规律。基于分析结果提出并验证了一种改善乘坐舒适性的座椅调节策略。研究发现:(1)座椅调节对体压分布有显著影响,其中靠背角度和滑轨位置相比座椅高度影响更大;(2)当靠背角度向后移动时,靠背压力变大且向四周移动,臀部压力变小;随着滑轨位置向后变化,座垫上的压力中心向臀部向腿部移动;(3)基于体压变化规律和理想体压分布提出的舒适性调节策略相比其他调节策略改善舒适性的效果更显著。The comfort and intelligence of car seats are widely concerned by consumers.In order to provide theoretical guidance for the comfort and intelligent design of seats,the influence of car seat adjustment on body pressure distribution is studied and a seat adjustment strategy to improve comfort is proposed.First,the orthogonal experiment is designed with the seat adjustment parameters as factors and the pressure characteristic parameters of the contact surface between the human body and the seat as observation variables.Then,ANOVA simultaneous component analysis(ASCA)is used to analyze the orthogonal test data,and the influence of seat adjustment on body pressure distribution is obtained.Finally,based on the analysis results,a seat adjustment strategy to improve ride comfort is proposed and verified.The results show that:(1)seat adjustment has a significant impact on body pressure distribution,in which the backrest angle and slide rail position have a greater impact than the seat height;(2)when the backrest angle moves backward,the backrest pressure increases and moves around,and the hip pressure decreases;as the slide rail position changes backward,the pressure center on the seat cushion moves towards the hips and legs;(3)the comfort adjustment strategy based on the variation of body pressure and ideal body pressure distribution is more effective than other adjustment methods.

关 键 词：体压分布 汽车座椅 智能座舱 ASCA 舒适性 

分 类 号：U463.8[机械工程—车辆工程]