中国城市流动人口住房负担与迁移的时空分异格局研究  

Spatial-temporal differentiation of housing burden and migration of urban floating population in China

作　　者：王捷凯 叶玲 宋伟轩[1,3] 涂振发[4] WANG Jiekai;YE Ling;SONG Weixuan;TU Zhenfa(Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;Chinese Academy of Sciences University,Beijing 100049,China;Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing 210008,China;College of Urban Environmental Sciences,Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430074,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室,南京210008 [4]华中师范大学城市与环境科学学院,武汉430074

出　　处：《华中师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2023年第4期576-588,598,共14页Journal of Central China Normal University：Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42171234).

摘　　要：住房是公民生存生活的基本条件,住房负担关系着中国亿万流动人口在迁入城市的居留成本和生活质量,深刻影响着流动人口的居留和迁移决策,其中租房负担主要影响流动人口短期居留意愿,购房负担主要影响流动人口永久居留意愿.该研究基于2012年和2017年全国流动人口卫生计生动态监测调查(CMDS)数据,以地级以上城市为空间单元,通过比较不同区域、不同等级城市、不同教育程度和职业类型群体的收入和住房负担差异,发现东部沿海发达省份的房租和房租收入比均显著低于中西部和东北地区;高等级城市、高层次教育程度和稳定职业特征群体的租房负担较其他群体重.从综合收益成本角度判断,东部发达地区和高等级城市依然是流动人口未来一段时期重点迁入地区,但逐渐超越其经济负担能力的房价,将越来越成为流动人口永久定居城市的最大阻碍,导致其居留成本攀高,最终被迫回流或迁至相对低成本城市.基于共同富裕和人民城市建设理念,建议城市政府管理部门加大针对流动人口群体的公共租赁住房等保障性住房供给力度.Against the backdrop of high urban house prices,housing burden(including rent)has become the main economic burden of hundreds of millions of floating population families in urban China,which not only affects the residency costs and life quality of the floating population in the city,but also influences their decision-making on migration and inclination towards permanent residency.Based on the data from China migrants dynamic survey(CMDS)in 2012 and 2017,with cities at prefecture-level and above as spatial units,the differences in income and housing burden of different regions,cities levels and and occupational and educational backgrounds of migrants were compared.It s found that the rental costs and rent-to-income ratio in developed coastal provinces in the east were significantly lower than those in the central,western and northeastern regions.The burden of renting is more significant for high-grade cities,individuals with higher education levels and stable occupations,as compared to other groups.The burden of rental costs has some influence on population flow and change,with high house prices being a critical influential factor in the floating population s long-term residency or migration decisions.From the perspective of overall cost-benefit analysis,the developed regions in the east and high-grade cities remain important destination areas for floating population influx in the foreseeable future.However,the rising house price,which have surpassed the economic capacity of the migratory population,will become a significant obstacle to their permanent settlement in these cities,leadig to an increase in residency costs and ultimately compelling them to return to their hometown or migrate to relatively low-cost cities..The government should take proper account of migrants demands for housing,and step up efforts to ensure the supply of subsidized housing such as public rental housing for the floating population.

关 键 词：流动人口 社会空间 住房负担 房租收入比 房价收入比 

分 类 号：C924.2[社会学—人口学] F299.23