“永恒轮回”与生命教育——尼采时间美学的思想旨归及其美育意义  

The“Eternal Recurrence”and Life Education--Final Purpose and Aesthetic Education Significanceof Nietzsche's Time Aesthetics

作　　者：姚思宇 YAO Si-yu(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210033,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210033

出　　处：《美育学刊》2023年第4期46-55,共10页Journal of Aesthetic Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“崇高美学的谱系研究”(20CZW002)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：尼采在《查拉图斯特拉如是说》及晚期敌基督论呈现了其成熟的“永恒轮回”时间美学。瓦格纳的拜罗伊特节日会演与《帕西法尔》的创作使尼采察觉其中病症,在晚年从瓦格纳追求效果的表演和宣扬宗教救赎信仰两个角度展开批判。批判也成为尼采“痊愈”的契机,通过在叔本华的禁欲主义与同情理念中挖掘现代人产生虚无主义的根源,尼采揭露了基督教道德体系的虚伪,进而转向来自主体内在的强力意志,借助查拉图斯特拉正式传达“永恒轮回”的超人信仰。尼采从中彰显的时间美学具体体现为对“大地性”的回归与对“身体感”的重视,蕴含着肯定此在生命的美育意义,在此意义上,其“永恒轮回”思想也是超越传统诗与哲学之争的“哲学之诗”。Nietzsche presented his mature time aesthetics of the“Eternal Recurrence”through Thus Spoke Zarathustra and late anti-Christianism.Wagner's Bayreuth festival performance and the creation of Parsifar prompted Nietzsche to perceive the disease and Nietzsche criticized it from the two perspectives of Wagner's effective performance and the promotion of religious salvation belief in his later years.Criticism also became an opportunity for Nietzsche to“recover”.By digging the roots of modern nihilism in Schopenhauer's ideas of asceticism and sympathy,Nietzsche exposed the hypocrisy of the Christian moral system.Furthermore,Nietzsche turned to the strong will from the inside of the subject,and formally conveyed the Superman belief of the“Eternal Recurrence”through Zarathustra.Nietzsche's time aesthetics embodied in it is the return to“the earth”and the emphasis on“the sense of body”,which contains the aesthetic education significance of affirming real-life.In this sense,the“Eternal Recurrence”is a“poem of philosophy”that transcends the traditional dispute between poetry and philosophy.

关 键 词：永恒轮回 生命教育 尼采 时间美学 

分 类 号：B83-06[哲学宗教—美学]