“水肥一体化”下马铃薯磷肥的合理施用  

Rational Application of Phosphorus Fertilizer in Potato Under Fertigation

作　　者：张丽微 董清山[1] 解国庆[1] 华玉晨 范书华[1] 王艳[1] 宋泽 ZHANG Liwei;DONG Qingshan;XIE Guoqing;HUA Yuchen;FAN Shuhua;WANG Yan;SONG Ze(Mudanjiang Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Mudanjiang,Heilongjiang 157000,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院牡丹江分院,黑龙江牡丹江157000

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2023年第3期236-244,共9页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：黑龙江省“揭榜挂帅”项目(2022ZXJ06B01)。

摘　　要：磷肥不合理施用导致马铃薯磷肥利用率偏低,不能持续高产的现象较普遍。因此,研究马铃薯群体的磷素吸收规律,可为马铃薯持续高产提供科学依据。试验采用本地主栽品种‘尤金’,以“水肥一体化”管理为核心技术,设置5个磷肥梯度,分别为P1(0 kg/hm^(2))、P2(90 kg/hm^(2))、P3(120 kg/hm^(2))、P4(150 kg/hm^(2))、P5(180 kg/hm^(2)),研究磷肥对马铃薯产量及其他指标的影响。随着磷肥施入量的不断增加,色素含量、商品薯率、单株结薯数呈现先增加后降低的趋势。磷肥施用量在150 kg/hm^(2)时,折合产量(39330 kg/hm^(2))达到最高值,较P1增产43.03%,马铃薯地上部干物质积累量及转运情况、块茎增重速度各项指标均高于P1,磷肥肥料利用率为36.44%,磷农学效率为78.88 kg/kg,马铃薯相应的经济收益及增加收益情况均以P4最高,最适合“水肥一体化”管理条件下马铃薯的生长。Irrational application of phosphorus fertilizer leads to low utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer and unsustainable yield of potato.Therefore,the study on phosphorus absorption of potato population can provide scientific basis for sustainable high yield of potato.The local main variety'Youjin'was used in the experiment,and cultivation of''water and fertilizer integration''in drip irrigation under plastic film was the core technology.Five phosphorus fertilizer(P2O5)gradients were set as P1(0 kg/ha)(control),P2(90 kg/ha),P3(120 kg/ha),P4(150 kg/ha),and P5(180 kg/ha),respectively,to study the effect of phosphate fertilizer application rate on potato yield and other indicators.Pigment content,marketable tuber percentage,and tuber number per plant increased first and then decreased with increase in phosphorus fertilizer application rate.When phosphorus fertilizer application rate was at 150 kg/ha,the yield(39330 kg/ha)reached the highest,increased by 43.03%compared with control.The indexes of dry matter accumulation and transport condition in the above ground,and tuber weight gain rate of potato were higher than control.The utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer was 36.44%,and the agronomic efficiency of phosphate fertilizer was 78.88 kg/kg.The corresponding economic returns and increased returns of potatoes were the highest in P4,which was the most suitable for potato growth under the management technique of''water and fertilizer integration''.

关 键 词：马铃薯 磷肥 水肥一体化 产量 磷素利用率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]