近代对日汉语教材《华语跬步》北京话语音系统——兼与《语言自迩集》语音之观照  

Modern Chinese Textbook Huayu Kuibu(《华语跬步》)Beijing Dialect Pronunciation System——Observation of the Pronunciation System of Yü-yen Tzǔ-êrh Chi(《语言自迩集》)

作　　者：邵燕梅[1] Shao Yanmei(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Shandong Normal University,Ji’nan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学文学院,山东济南250014

出　　处：《现代语文》2023年第7期4-11,共8页Modern Chinese

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“中西交流背景下汉语词汇学的构建与理论创新研究”(21&ZD310);山东师范大学校级教学改革重点项目“新时期《现代语音学》教学创新与实践改革研究”(2019XD09)。

摘　　要：《华语跬步》是清末民初日本汉语教学体现北京话语音系统的典型性教材,其编写彰显了日本近代汉语教育的重心由南京官话转向了北京官话。根据《华语跬步》所列出的声母类别和分析后的实际音值,清末民初北京话的声母系统(包括零声母)共有23个声母;韵母系统共有40个韵母,包括开口呼14个、齐齿呼11个、合口呼9个、撮口呼6个。根据《华语跬步》《语言自迩集》两部教材的描写与观照,清末民初北京话有阴平、阳平、上声、去声四个声调,其调型、调值亦与今北京话相同。《华语跬步》的音类描写与《语言自迩集》的音值描写互为观照,共同呈现出北京话声母、韵母、声调的系统面貌,该语音系统能够体现清末民初北京话的实际语音格局。Huayu Kuibu(《华语跬步》)is a typical textbook that embodies the pronunciation system of Beijing dialect in Japanese Chinese teaching during the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China,and its compilation highlights the shift of the focus of modern Chinese education in Japan from Nanjing Mandarin to Beijing Mandarin.According to the categories of vowels listed in the Huayu Kuibu(《华语跬步》)and the actual sound values after analysis,the consonant system of Beijing dialect in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China had a total of 23 consonants(including zero initial);There are a total of 40 vowels in the vowel system,including 14 opened syllabes,11 qichihu,9 closed syllabes,and 6 cuokouhu.According to the description and observation of the two textbooks Huayu Kuibu(《华语跬步》)and Yü-yen Tzǔ-êrh Chi(《语言自迩集》),Beijing dialect in the late Qing dynasty and early Republic of China had four tones:yinping,yangping,shangsheng,and qusheng,and its key pattern and tonality were the same as those of today's Beijing dialect.The phonetic description of Huayu Kuibu(《华语跬步》)and the description of the sound value of Yü-yen Tzǔ-êrh Chi(《语言自迩集》)are mutually observant,jointly presenting the systematic appearance of Beijing consonant,vowel,and tone,which can reflect the actual phonetic pattern of Beijing dialect in the late Qing and early Republic of China.

关 键 词：《华语跬步》 北京话语音系统 清末民初 《语言自迩集》 

分 类 号：H195.4[语言文字—汉语] H172.1[历史地理—历史学] K25[历史地理—中国史]