对康德先验范畴的修正与辩护  

The Amendment and Defense for Kant’s Transcendental Categories

作　　者：尹维坤[1] Yin Weikun

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学科学技术与社会研究院

出　　处：《德国哲学》2022年第2期3-21,313,共20页Chinese Journal of German Philosophy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“语境主义反怀疑论方案批判研究”(项目编号:18BZX040)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：康德关于先验范畴的论述总体上是合理的,但仍存在一些有待修正的地方。在质的范畴中,实在性范畴应为肯定性范畴,限定性范畴应为概率性范畴。在关系范畴中,实体和属性的关系就是依存性的关系,而非自存性与依存性关系;原因和结果只有因果性关系,没有隶属性关系;行动者与承受者之间相互作用的共联性范畴应该重新界定为“部分与整体”的相互作用。在模态范畴中,应消去模态范畴的各反范畴,将其简化为可能性、现实性和必然性。模态各范畴的内涵需重新界定。修正后的先验范畴在完备性上能够得到辩护。Kant’s theory on transcendental category is reasonable in general,but there are still some problems to be corrected.In the category of quality,the category of reality should be the category of affirmation,and the category of limitation should be the category of probability.In the category of relationship,the relationship between entity and attribute is the relationship of dependency,not the relationship between self existence and dependency;cause and result have only causal relationship,not subordinate relationship;the category of interaction between actor and receiver should be redefined as the interaction of“part and whole”.In modal category,we should eliminate the anti-categories of modal category and simplify them into possibility,reality and necessity.The connotation of modal categories needs to be redefined.The revised transcendental categories can be defended in terms of completeness.

关 键 词：康德 先验范畴 实在性 共联性 模态范畴 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学]