教育水平、教育回报与居民主观幸福感——基于CGSS2018数据的实证研究  

Education Level,Education Return and Subjective Well-Being of Residents Empirical Research:Based on CGSS2018 Data

作　　者：陈少林 张明[2] CHEN Shao-in;ZHANG Ming(Global Business School,Chongqing College of International Business and Economics,Hechuan Chongqing 401520,China;College of State Governance,Southwest University,Beibei Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆对外经贸学院跨境商务学院,重庆合川401520 [2]西南大学国家治理学院,重庆北碚400715

出　　处：《西北人口》2023年第4期76-90,共15页Northwest Population Journal

基　　金：重庆市教育科学规划重点课题“教育影响居民幸福的理论机制与经验证据研究”(2020-GX-146);国家社会科学基金项目“新时期农产品价格波动对农民收入的影响机制研究”(20FGLB006);重庆市哲学社会科学规划青年项目“基于健康脆弱性视角重庆农户返贫监测机制与阻断政策研究”(2020QNGL36)。

摘　　要：作为人力资本积累和社会发展的重要力量,教育会影响居民幸福。文章基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2018年微观数据,采用有序Probit模型,实证研究教育水平和教育回报对居民主观幸福感的影响,并运用多重中介效应模型考察教育回报在教育水平影响居民主观幸福感中的中介作用。结果表明:教育水平和教育回报均对居民总体的主观幸福感具有显著的正向影响,使用工具变量法解决内生性问题以及稳健性检验后,结论依然一致。分群来看,教育水平提升会显著增加教育程度较低、农村户口、男性三类群体的主观幸福感;收入提高能够显著强化教育程度较低、城市户口及男性居民的幸福体验;而社会交往则会促进所有群体主观幸福感的明显提升。就中介效应而言,教育的物质和非物质回报在教育水平影响居民幸福中的中介作用均较为显著,不过相较于社会交往,收入的中介作用更为明显。另外,研究也发现,教育水平对居民主观幸福感的影响以直接效应为主,中介效应目前尚不及直接效应三分之一水平。因而,为进一步发挥教育在增进居民幸福中的积极作用,应继续全方位大力发展教育,并着力破解教育机会不均问题,以使提高教育水平成为全体居民实现收入改善、阶层跃迁以及幸福提升的有效路径;此外,也需更加重视构建有助于提升居民教育回报的政策体系和社会环境。As an important force of human capital accumulation and social development,education will affect resi⁃dents'happiness.Based on the micro data of China General Social Survey(CGSS)in 2018,and adopting the ordered Probit model,this paper empirically studies the impact of education level and education return on subjective well-be⁃ing of residents,and using the multiple mediating effect model investigates the mediating role of education return on the impact of education level on residents'well-being.The results show that both education level and education return have significant positive effects on the subjective well-being of residents,after solving the endogeneity problem with in⁃strumental variable method and robustness test,the conclusions are still consistent.From the perspective of sub⁃groups,the improvement of education level can significantly increase the subjective well-being of the lower education level,rural household registration and male groups;Higher income can significantly enhance the happiness experience of less educated,urban and male residents;Social interaction contributes to a significantly increase in subjective wellbeing for all groups.In terms of the mediating effect,Both material and non-material returns of education play a signifi⁃cant role in mediating the effects of education level on residents'happiness.However,compared with social interac⁃tion,income has a more significant mediating effect.In addition,this paper also found that the influence of education level on subjective well-being of residents is mainly direct effect,and the intermediary effect is less than a third of the direct effect.Therefore,in order to further play the positive role of education in improving residents'happiness,we should continue to vigorously develop education in all aspects,and strive to solve the problem of uneven education op⁃portunities,so that improving education level becomes an effective way to improve all residents'income,social class transition and happiness.In addition,more attention need

关 键 词：教育水平 教育回报 主观幸福感 多重中介效应 

分 类 号：C912.6[经济管理]