菌核净对烟草靶斑病菌的抑制作用及对烟叶叶际微生物群落结构的影响  

Inhibitory effect of dimetachlone on tobacco target spot pathogens and the effect on the structure of phyllosphere microbial community in tobacco

作　　者：郭沫言 熊晶 汪汉成 张艺 蔡刘体 陈兴江 史彩华[1] GUO Moyan;XIONG Jing;WANG Hancheng;ZHANG Yi;CAI Liuti;CHEN Xingjiang;SHI Caihua(College of Agriculture,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei Province,China;Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science,Guiyang 550081,China;Tobacco Company of Guizhou Province Bijie Branch,Bijie 551700,Guizhou Province,China;College of Agriculture,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]长江大学农学院,湖北荆州434025 [2]贵州省烟草科学研究院,贵阳550081 [3]贵州省烟草公司毕节市公司,贵州毕节551700 [4]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025

出　　处：《农药学学报》2023年第4期858-869,共12页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960550,32160522);贵州省科技基金项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]重点036);中国烟草总公司科技项目(110202001035(LS-04),110202101048(LS-08));贵州省“百层次”创新型人才(黔科合平台人才-GCC[2022]028-1).

摘　　要：烟草靶斑病是烟叶生产上一种主要真菌性病害,为评价菌核净防控烟草靶斑病的潜力,并从微生态层面揭示菌核净施用后对烟叶叶际微生物群落结构的影响,本研究采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了菌核净对烟草靶斑病菌的抑制活性,并利用Illumina Hiseq高通量测序技术,分析了菌核净处理后不同持效期内,健康与感病组织中叶际真菌及细菌群落结构和多样性的变化规律。结果表明:菌核净对靶斑病菌菌丝生长有较强的抑制活性,其EC_(50)值为1.20μg/mL,在6.47μg/mL下即可完全抑制菌丝生长。40%菌核净可湿性粉剂按有效成分4200 g/hm^(2)剂量施用后0~18 d,健康与感病组织的叶际微生物群落结构间均存在显著性差异,其中叶际真菌优势菌属为亡革菌属、链格孢属和镰刀菌属,叶际细菌优势菌属为假单胞菌属、葡萄球菌属和鞘氨醇单胞菌属。施药后3 d,健康与感病组织中亡革菌属相对丰度分别下降12.41%和51.62%,链格孢属相对丰度分别上升0.54%和0.42%,假单胞菌属相对丰度分别下降13.48%和19.17%;施药后9 d,亡革菌属相对丰度分别上升1.38%和47.42%,链格孢属相对丰度分别下降0.36%和0.18%,假单胞菌属相对丰度分别下降2.73%和2.73%;施药后18 d,亡革菌属相对丰度分别下降26.74%和39.03%,链格孢属相对丰度分别上升26.02%和2.70%,假单胞菌属相对丰度分别上升6.56%和16.02%。田间施用40%菌核净可湿性粉剂,3 d内可显著抑制健康与发病烟叶组织叶际病原菌亡革菌属的相对丰度,但对感病组织的影响程度大于对健康组织;同时还会引起叶际细菌群落结构的改变,但对感病组织的影响小于对健康组织。研究结果从微观层面揭示了菌核净施用后健康与发病烟叶组织叶际微生物群落结构的差异,可为菌核净的科学应用提供参考。Tobacco target spot is a fungal disease on tobacco.In this paper,the mycelial growth rate method was used for the potential evaluation of dimetachlone to Rhizoctonia solani,and the effect of dimetachlone on the microbes of tobacco leaves after different periods of application was studied with Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology as well.Results showed that dimetachlone had strong inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of R.solani with an EC_(50) value of 1.20μg/mL and a complete inhibition of mycelial growth at 6.47μg/mL.Within 0-18 days of treatment with 4200 g/hm^(2) dimetachlone 40%WP,there were significant differences in microbial community structure between healthy and diseased tobacco leaves.The phyllosphere fungi in both healthy and diseased tobacco were all distributed in Thanatephorus,Alternaria,and Fusarium,the phyllosphere bacteria in tobacco leaves were Pseudomonas,Staphylococcus,and Sphingomonas.Three days after application,the relative abundance of Thanatephorus in healthy and diseased tobacco leaves decreased 12.41%and 51.62%,the relative abundance of Alternaria increased 0.54%and 0.42%,the relative abundance of Pseudomonas decreased 13.48%and 19.17%,respectively.Nine days after application,the relative abundance of Thanatephorus in healthy and diseased tobacco leaves decreased 1.38%and 47.42%,the relative abundance of Alternaria decreased 0.36%and 0.18%,the relative abundance of Pseudomonas decreased 2.73%and 2.73%,respectively.Eighteen days after application,the relative abundance of Thanatephorus in healthy and diseased tobacco leaves decreased 26.74%and 39.03%,the relative abundance of Alternaria increased 26.02%and 2.70%,the relative abundance of Pseudomonas increased 6.56%and 16.02%,respectively.The application of dimetachlone 40%WP in the field significantly suppressed the relative abundance of Thanatephorus genus in healthy and diseased tissues within 3 d,but the effect on disease tissues was greater than that on healthy leaves;it also caused changes in the structure of

关 键 词：菌核净 烟草靶斑病 抑菌活性 叶际微生物 群落结构 

分 类 号：S482.2[农业科学—农药学] TQ450.21[农业科学—植物保护]