论内格尔的理由概念  

On Nagel’s Concept of Reasons

作　　者：郝彭 孙岩[1] HAO Peng;SUN Yan

机构地区：[1]山西大学哲学学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2023年第4期90-100,198,共12页Philosophical Analysis

摘　　要：当代道德哲学的一个核心问题是,何种理由能为行动者的行为提供一种合情理的驱动力。内格尔一方面对内在主义与外在主义的辩护提出批判,另一方面,将处理主观性与客观性的对立问题的方式作为方法基础。由此,他提出一种无时态性的主观审慎理由和无人称化的客观理由共存的结构性理由体系,这一体系为行动者的行为提供了证明。但理由概念更深层次的问题是其内在的价值引发的冲突。内格尔将这一冲突刻画为个人性立场与非个人性立场间的冲突,从政治哲学的视角提出一种整合两种立场的可能思路。但是,内格尔处理哲学核心问题的方式有一定的模糊性,这导致其理由概念存在定位不清晰的风险,他处理价值冲突的政治哲学路径也存在过于理想化的问题。A central question in contemporary moral philosophy is what kind of justification can provide a reasonable driving force for the actions of agent.While offering a critique of the defenses of internalism and externalism,on the other hand,Negel takes as the basis of his approach the way he deals with the problem of the opposition between subjectivity and objectivity.In doing so,Negel proposes a structural system of reasons in which tenseless subjective prudential reasons and impersonal objective reasons coexist,a system that provides justification for the agent’s behavior.But the deeper problem with the concept of justification is the conflict arising from its intrinsic value.Negel portrays this conflict as a conflict between personal and impersonal standpoints,proposing a possible way of thinking to integrate the two positions from the perspective of political philosophy.However,there is an inherent ambiguity in the way in which Negel deals with the core problem of philosophy,which leads to the risk of unclear positioning of his concept of reasons,and there is also a problem of idealization in his political-philosophical path of dealing with the conflict of values.

关 键 词：理由 内格尔 价值 政治哲学 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]