负载平衡对龙眼结果母枝生长、结果和果实品质的影响  

Effects of load balance on the fruiting-branch growth,fruit bearing and fruit quality of longan

作　　者：韩冬梅[1] 黄石连 李建光[1] 郭栋梁[1] 吴振先[2] 罗焘 吕新民 王静 HAN Dongmei;HUANG Shilian;LI Jianguang;GUO Dongliang;WU Zhenxian;LUO Tao;LÜXinmin;WANG Jing(Institute of Fruit Tree Research,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Subtropical Fruit Biology and Genetic Resource Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fruit Tree Research,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China;College of Horticulture,South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Postharvest Science of Fruit and Vegetables/Engineering Research Center for Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops in South China,Ministry of Education,Guangzhou 510642,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所/农业农村部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室/广东省热带亚热带果树研究重点实验室,广州510640 [2]华南农业大学园艺学院/广东省果蔬保鲜重点实验室/南方园艺产品保鲜教育部工程中心,广州510642

出　　处：《果树学报》2023年第8期1615-1627,共13页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系龙眼创新团队建设项目(2019KJ123);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-32-15)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明龙眼单株挂果率与初始单穗果数之间的交互作用,确定龙眼疏花疏果时的合理挂果量,以及其对龙眼结果母枝生长、结果和果实品质的影响。【方法】以石硖龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour‘Shixia’)为试材,以不同挂果率单株为区组(3个水平),以初始单穗果数为处理(3个水平),设计了一个单因素随机区组试验,共9个区组×处理组合(H11~H13、H21~H23、H31~H33);分析了区组和处理对成熟时单穗余果数、落果率和单果质量等指标的影响。【结果】(1)果实发育期间,植株树势逐渐下降,单果质量和落果率逐渐升高,而成熟时各组合在结果母枝生长、结果和品质方面均表现出显著或极显著差异。(2)相关分析表明,区组水平与树势及成熟期结果母枝叶片生长状态呈显著相关,而处理水平主要影响了单穗余果数和小叶果比;成熟树势与果穗盲节粗度、叶光泽度等呈极显著正相关,与叶片色度指标l_L^(*)、l_b^(*)和l_C^(*)呈极显著负相关。(3)回归与方差分析表明,区组与处理之间不存在交互作用,协变量中的小叶果比、有叶枝长比等对区组和处理水平间的结果特性或果实品质产生了显著影响;结果性状与果实内在品质主要受单株挂果率的影响,而外观色度品质还受到结果母枝叶片长势的影响。边际均值估算结果表明,果实内在品质随区组和处理水平的提高而下降,但落果率变化趋势彼此相反。【结论】以中等偏壮树势保留60%的单株挂果率、以60~80个初始单穗果数为基础,依据实际树势、盲节粗度和结果母枝叶片数量进行相应调整,是石硖龙眼疏花疏果较为科学的做法,可以较好地平衡结果母枝生长、结果与品质的关系。【Objective】This paper aims to verify whether there is an interaction between the FBRT(fruiting-branch rate per tree) and the INFC(initial number of fruits per cluster),and determine the reasonable fruit-loading of longan plant when flower or fruit thinning is applied,as well as estimate the influence of fruit-loading on leaflet growth,fruit-bearing and quality of fruiting branches(FB).【Methods】Using Shixia longan as the material,a one-factor randomized block trial was designed with FBRT as the block(3 levels) and INFC as the treatment(3 levels),and 9 combinations of'block×treatment'were obtained.The effects of block and treatment were studied on the NRFC(number of remaining fruits in single cluster),FSR(fruit-shedding rate),MSF(mass of single fruit),EPRF(edible portions rate in a single fruit),TSS(total soluble solids) content and CFS(chromaticity of the fruit surface).Besides,the growth covariates affecting FBC(fruit-bearing characteristics) and fruit quality were screened out by multiple stepwise regression analysis.Using the two-factor univariate analysis in the general linear model,the univariate covariance analysis for the FBC and fruit quality was conducted,and the influences of uncontrollable growth factors other than block and treatment based on the analytic results were excluded,and the significance of the difference between block and treatment levels and the estimated marginal means were all obtained.【Results】(1) During the fruit development,the tree vigor gradually decreased,with the leaflets on the FB turning from dark green to yellow green or grey green,and the MSF and FSR gradually increased,while the treated clusters of each combination showed significant or extremely significant differences in LGFB(leaflet growth of the FB),fruit-bearing and quality at mature stage.Within the same block,the NRFC varied significantly among the three levels of treatment,but was similar at the same treatment level among 3 block levels.There was extremely significant difference in MSF between blocks,but n

关 键 词：龙眼 合理负载 生长结果 果实品质 协方差分析 

分 类 号：S667.2[农业科学—果树学]