“三权分置”下落实宅基地集体所有权的政策逻辑、困境与路径——以民法典为视角  

The policy logic,dilemma,and path of implementing collective ownership of homestead under the background of"separation of three rights":From the perspective of the Civil Code

作　　者：郑兴明[1] ZHENG Xing-ming(College of Marxism,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou,Fujian 350002,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学马克思主义学院,福建福州350002

出　　处：《农业现代化研究》2023年第3期389-397,共9页Research of Agricultural Modernization

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目(21BJY036)。

摘　　要：落实宅基地集体所有权是筑牢农村集体经济基本盘的客观需要,契合了农村产权制度改革必须坚守集体所有底线的基本逻辑。本文基于《民法典》视角,阐释落实宅基地集体所有权的政策逻辑,分析其在实践过程中面临的现实困境,探讨“三权分置”下落实宅基地集体所有权的实践路径。研究表明,落实宅基地集体所有权对于巩固集体经济组织主体地位、保障农民财产权利和实现农村共同富裕具有重大的实践价值。然而,受困于农民集体所有权行使主体虚化、宅基地利益主体复杂多元和宅基地使用权主体“封闭性”等多重因素,落实宅基地集体所有权也面临着诸多困难与挑战。学术界需要加强法治实践研究,需要将宅基地集体所有权研究放置于国家法治建设的逻辑之下,在学术研究与法治建设之间形成一种良性的互动关系。因此,建议结合《民法典》的相关规定,围绕着处理好农民与土地关系这条主线,从明晰宅基地集体所有权主体、强化集体所有权权能、建立新型宅基地管理模式等方面探索农村宅基地集体所有权的实现路径。Implementing the collective ownership of homestead is an objective need to build up the basis of the rural collective economy,which conforms to the basic logic that the reform of rural property right system must adhere to the bottom line of collective ownership.From the perspective of the Civil Code,this article explains the policy logic of implementing collective ownership of homesteads,analyzes the practical difficulties in the process of practice,and explores the practical path of implementing collective ownership of homesteads under the"separation of three rights".Results show that the implementation of collective ownership of homestead is of great practical value for consolidating the dominant position of collective economic organizations,safeguarding farmers'property rights and realizing rural common prosperity.However,due to multiple factors such as the virtual exercise of collective ownership by farmers,the complex and diverse interests of homestead owners,and the"closure"of homestead use rights,the implementation of collective ownership of homestead also faces many difficulties and challenges.The academic community needs to strengthen research on the practice of the rule of law,to place the study of collective ownership of homesteads under the logic of national legal construction,and to form a positive interactive relationship between academic research and legal construction.Therefore,this paper recommends combining the relevant provisions of the Civil Code and focusing on the main line of handling the relationship between farmers and land,exploring the implementation path of collective ownership of rural homesteads from clarifying the main body of collective ownership of homesteads,strengthening collective ownership rights,and establishing a new model of homestead management.

关 键 词：宅基地 集体所有权 民法典 政策逻辑 现实困境 实践路径 

分 类 号：F301.1[经济管理—产业经济]